新型农业经营主体扩张与小规模农户代际传承阻^*——基于CRRS数据的分析

Expansion of New Agricultural Business Entities and Impediments to Intergenerational Succession of Small-scale Farmers

摘要

在农业劳动力老龄化与粮食安全双重压力下，培育新型农业经营主体被视为破解“谁来种地”困境的关键路径。但新型农业经营主体扩张是否抑制小规模农户代际传承，尚缺乏系统论证。文章基于2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查数据，运用离散选择模型实证检验新型农业经营主体对小规模农户代际传承的影响。研究发现：新型农业经营主体发展通过推升耕地地租与农业劳动力成本，压缩小规模农户家庭农业收益，显著抑制农户代际传承；该效应在经营规模小于28.43亩、父代年龄超过60岁的农户中更为突出；相较于合作社，家庭农场与农业企业对代际传承的抑制作用更强。因此，应通过设置外来资本准入门槛、拓宽小规模农户融资渠道、推动地方政府向“服务者”转型，协调两类主体利益，保障代际传承的可持续性。

Abstract

In recent years, the aging of the agricultural labor force and food security challenges have become increasingly prominent. While agricultural intergenerational succession and the cultivation of new types of agricultural business entities are regarded as a crucial pathway to address these challenges, whether the development of new agricultural business entities inhibits intergenerational succession among small-scale farmers remains underexplored. Based on data from the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey, this study employs Probit models and mechanism analysis to empirically examine the impact of new agricultural business entities on small-scale farmers' intergenerational succession. The findings reveal that the development of new agricultural business entities significantly inhibits agricultural intergenerational succession among offspring by elevating farmland rental costs and agricultural labor expenses, thereby reducing household agricultural income; this inhibitory effect is more pronounced among households cultivating less than 28.43 mu and those with household heads over 60 years old, while family farms and agricultural enterprises exhibit stronger suppression than agricultural cooperatives. The study suggests reconciling interests between new entities and small-scale farmers by implementing stricter market-entry thresholds for external capital, broadening smallholders' financing channels, and transitioning local governments toward service-oriented roles, thus ensuring sustainable agricultural intergenerational succession.

关键词

农业劳动力老龄化 / 新型农业经营主体 / 小规模农户代际传承

Key words

agricultural labor aging / new agricultural business entities / intergenerational succession among small-scale farmers

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基金资助

*国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BJY183)