渝西地区志留系石牛栏组灰岩储层特征及有利储层形成机制

Characteristics of limestone reservoirs from Silurian Shiniulan Formation and favorable reservoir formation mechanism in Western Chongqing

摘要

渝西地区志留系石牛栏组具备近源成藏的巨大潜力。根据岩心、野外露头、岩屑薄片观察、储层物性及孔隙结构分析（核磁 T₂ 谱和高压压汞实验）、岩石地球化学（碳、氧同位素和微量元素）等资料，分析石牛栏组储层孔隙类型、物性特征和成岩演化过程，研究渝西地区石牛栏组碳酸盐岩储层特征及形成机制。结果表明：渝西地区志留系石牛栏组灰岩储层主要岩性为亮晶生屑灰岩，沉积于碳酸盐内缓坡礁滩体，孔隙类型以残余生物体腔孔、粒间孔和溶蚀孔缝为主，孔隙度为 2.00%∼6.00% ，渗透率为 (0.010∼6.980)×10^-3μ m² 。储层经历同生、准同生、埋藏和表生 4 个成岩阶段。有利储层形成的建设性成岩作用为准同生和表生阶段两期岩溶作用，准同生阶段岩溶作用主要发育相带为碳酸盐岩内缓坡礁滩相，表生阶段岩溶作用对储层的改造局限于碳酸盐岩内缓坡礁滩相带亮晶生屑灰岩，体现沉积-成岩作用对石牛栏组储层形成机制。该结果为渝西地区石牛栏组储层分布预测和碳酸盐岩气藏高效勘探开发提供依据。

Abstract

The Shiniulan Formation of the Silurian system in Western Chongqing overlies the Longmaxi Formation and exhibits significant exploration potential for near-source hydrocarbon accumulation. To explore new reservoirs and types of conventional gas in the Silurian system, it is necessary to further investigate the characteristics and formation mechanisms of carbonate reservoirs in the Shiniulan Formation in Western Chongqing, Sichuan Basin. Through comprehensive analysis of well cores, field outcrops, cuttings thin-section observations, reservoir physical properties and pore structure analysis(NMR T₂ and mercury injection experiment), and rock geochemistry data(carbon and oxygen isotopes and trace elements) from the Shiniulan Formation, this study investigated the reservoir characteristics and revealed the synergistic influence mechanism of sedimentation-diagenesis to the formation of carbonate reservoirs. Key findings indicate that the main lithofacies of reservoirs in Silurian Shiniulan Formation is sparry bioclastic limestone, deposited in carbonate reef facies in the carbonate intra-slope belt whose formation controlled by sedimentation. The types of reservoirs are main residual primary biological pores and dissolved pores and fractures. The porosities and permeabilities are 2.00%-6.00% and (0.010-6.980)×10^-3μ m² respectively. These reservoirs have undergone four diagenetic stages: syngenetic stage, penecontemporaneous stage, burial stage, and epigenetic stage. The precipitation and freshwater dissolution during both penecontemporaneous and epigenetic stages played constructive roles in the for—— VI -mation of carbonate reservoirs. The dominant controlling factors for sparry bioclastic limestone reservoir development are identified as the favorable sedimentary facies combined with penecontemporaneousepigenetic stage dissolution modified by precipitation and freshwater. This study identified the characteristics of the carbonate reservoirs in the Shiniulan Formation and the synergistic influence mechanism of sedimentation and diagenesis, providing a theoretical basis for efficient exploration and development of carbonate gas reservoirs in the Shiniulan Formation in Western Chongqing, Sichuan Basin.

关键词

灰岩储层 / 储层特征 / 形成机制 / 成岩演化 / 准同生岩溶 / 表生岩溶 / 石牛栏组 / 志留系 / 四川盆地

Key words

limestone reservoirs / reservoirs characteristics / formation mechanism / diagenetic evolution / parasyngenetic dissolution / epidiagenesis karstification / Shiniulan Formation / Silurian / Sichuan Basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(42072140)

重庆市杰出青年科学基金项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0031)

西南油气田重庆气矿科研协作项目(XNS 重庆矿 JS2024-277)