医学技术类本科生专业分流选择成因的质性研究——以天津医科大学为例

Causes of major diversion selection for medical technology undergraduates—taking Tianjin Medical University as an example

摘要

目的　明晰独立医学院校医学技术类专业本科生大类招生专业分流的选择成因，以期为高校医学技术类专业分流政策提供建议。方法　选取当前就读于天津医科大学医学技术学院并参与过专业分流的本科生20名进行半结构化访谈，采用Colaizzi七步分析法，探究其在专业分流时选择专业的原因。结果　参与访谈的本科生选择现就读专业的因素包括个人因素、学科因素、就业因素、他人因素。结论　专业分流对学生的个人发展、素质提升和能力培养方面起到了重要作用，现行专业分流政策存在学生在专业分流时具有一定盲目性、分流前职业规划课程内容不足、专业分流缺乏灵活性、招生比例不合理等问题。针对此类问题，学校应当为参与专业分流的学生丰富职业规划课程；专业分流后学校也可以给予学生二次选择专业的机会；学校还需要对医学技术类专业的学院规模与招生比例等方面进行统筹规划。

Abstract

Objective　To clarify the causes of the choice of professional diversion of undergraduate medical technology students enrolled in broad category in independent medical schools, in order to provide suggestions for the professional diversion policy of medical technology in universities.Methods　Twenty undergraduates currently enrolled in the School of Medical Technology of Tianjin Medical University who had participated in professional triage were selected for semi-structured interviews, and the Colaizzi phenomenological study data analysis method was used to investigate the causes for their choice of majors during professional triage.Results　Factors that contributed to the selection of the current major by the undergraduate students who participated in the interviews included their first-year comprehensive assessment score ranking, future major course difficulty, major employment prospects, family background, and interpersonal relationships during the school year.Conclusion　Major diversion plays an important role in students' personal development, quality improvement and ability cultivation. The current major diversion policy has problems such as students' blindness in major diversion, insufficient content of career planning courses before diversion, lack of flexibility in major diversion, and unreasonable enrollment ratio. In response to these problems, schools should enrich career planning courses for students involved in professional triage; schools can also give students a second chance to choose their majors after professional triage; schools also need to make a comprehensive plan for the size and enrollment ratio of medical technology colleges.

关键词

独立医学院校 / 医学技术 / 大类招生 / 专业分流 / 质性研究

Key words

independent medical schools / medical technology / broad categories of enrollment / professional triage options / qualitative study

基金资助

通信作者:天津市普通高等学校本科教学质量与教育改革研究计划重点项目（A201006203）