基于倾向性匹配法分析侧后路PELD术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的疗效及并发症
冯其斌 , 董小华 , 潘国强 , 何浩
西南医科大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (03) : 281 -286.
基于倾向性匹配法分析侧后路PELD术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的疗效及并发症
Efficacy and Complications of PELD Through Lateral-Posterior Approach for Lumbar Disc Herniation Patients Based on Propensity Score Matching
目的 基于倾向性匹配法分析侧后路经皮内窥镜下腰椎髓核摘除(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD)术对腰椎间盘突出症患者术后腰椎活动度、腰椎功能、生活质量和并发症发生情况。 方法 选取2021年8月至2024年1月在开封市人民医院诊治的180例腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中93例接受侧后路PELD术治疗(PELD组),87例实施后正中入路椎板间开窗髓核摘除术治疗(开窗组),按两组基线资料进行倾向性评分匹配,共75对患者匹配成功。比较两组患者手术相关指标,术后患者疼痛程度、应激指标变化、术前和术后6个月患者腰椎活动度、功能、生活质量及并发症发生情况。 结果 倾向性评分匹配后,PELD组患者切口长度、术中出血量较和卧床时间均显著性低于开窗组(P < 0.05)。术后1 ~ 7 d,两组患者疼痛程度均降低,且PELD组患者各个时间点疼痛程度均较开窗组低(P < 0.05)。术后1 h,两组患者应激指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。术后12 h,两组肾上腺素(NE)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)和皮质醇(Cor)水平均显著性低于术后1 h,且PELD组水平更低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。术前,两组患者腰椎活动度和腰椎功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。术后6个月,两组腰椎活动度和腰椎功能改善情况均显著高于术前,且PELD组改善情况更好,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。术前,两组患者生活质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);术后6个月,两组生活质量评分均较术前提高,且PELD组评分更高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。PELD组术后感染、脑脊液漏和椎间盘再突出并发症发生率与开窗组比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 侧后路PELD术相比后正中入路椎板间开窗术在改善腰椎活动度、功能恢复及提升生活质量方面更有优势,具有临床推广价值。
Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) via the lateral-posterior approaches on postoperative lumbar mobility, lumbar function, quality of life, and the incidence of complications in patients with lumbar disc herniation, based on propensity score matching. Methods A total of 180 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated at Kaifeng People’s Hospital from August 2021 to January 2024 were enrolled in this study. Among them, 93 patients underwent posterolateral percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD group), while 87 patients underwent posterior midline approach interlaminar fenestration discectomy (fenestration group). Propensity score matching based on baseline characteristics was performed between the two groups, resulting in 75 successfully matched pairs. Comparisons were made between the two groups regarding surgical parameters, postoperative pain severity, changes in stress markers, lumbar mobility, functional outcomes, quality of life at preoperative and 6-month postoperative stages, as well as complication rates. Results After propensity score matching, compared with the fenestration group, incision length was shorter, intraoperative blood loss was less, and bed rest time was shorter in PELD group (P < 0.05). Within 1 to 7 days after surgery, pain relief was observed in both groups, with the PELD group experiencing significantly milder pain than the fenestration group (P < 0.05). At 1h after surgery, there was no significant difference in stress indexes between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 12 hours after surgery, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cortisol (Cor) were lower than those at 1 hour after surgery in both groups. These levels were also significantly lower in the PELD group compared to the fenestration group (P < 0.05). Before surgery, there was no significant difference in lumbar range of motion or lumbar function between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 6 months after surgery, lumbar range of motion and lumbar function were improved in both groups, and the improvement was better in the PELD group than in the fenestration group (P < 0.05). Before surgery, there was no significant difference in quality of life between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 6 months after surgery, quality of life scores were increased in both groups, which were higher in the PELD group than in the fenestration group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence of complications (postoperative infection, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, re-protrusion of intervertebral disc) between the PELD group and the fenestration group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with intervertebral fenestration and discectomy through posterior-median approach, PELD through lateral-posterior approach offered greater advantages in improving lumbar range of motion, functional recovery, and quality of life.
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河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20220925)
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