生物标志物多模态检测：医学检验新方法的应用与研究进展

Multi-modal detection of biomarkers: applications and research advances in medical laboratory

摘要

随着精准医疗和即时检测（POCT）需求的日益增长，传统的单一信号检测模式在灵敏度、特异性和抗干扰能力方面逐渐显露出局限性。利用多种信号平台实现多信号输出的多模态检测，已成为生物传感领域的重要发展趋势。本文首先阐述多模态检测的基本原理与信号正交性设计策略。其次，重点讨论实现多信号输出的关键功能材料与纳米探针构建方法。随后，分类总结了多模检测体系在单一或多种生物标志物高灵敏检测中的应用实例。最后，深入分析当前多模态检测技术面临的困难与挑战，同时对多模态检测与人工智能辅助信号分析、可穿戴多模传感等实现诊疗一体化的未来发展方向进行展望。本综述期望为开发高效可靠的生物标志物检测方法提供理论参考和技术指引。

Abstract

With the growing demand for precision medicine and point-of-care testing (POCT), traditional single-signal detection methods are progressively demonstrating limitations in their sensitivity, specificity, and anti-interference capability. Multi-modal detection, which generates multi-signal output using multi-signal platforms, has emerged as a significant developmental trend in the field of biosensing. This review first elucidates the fundamental principles of multi-modal detection, as well as the strategies for designing signal orthogonality. It subsequently concentrates on key functional materials and nanoprobes construction methods for achieving multisignal output. Then, it categorizes and summarizes application examples of multi-modal detection systems for the highly sensitive detection of single or multiple biomarkers. Finally, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the current challenges faced by multi-modal detection technologies, while also examining prospective future directions integrating Multi-modal detection with AI-assisted signal analysis and wearable multimode sensing for diagnostics and therapeutic applications. This review seeks to provide theoretical insights and technical guidance for the development of efficient and reliable biomarker detection methods.

关键词

多模态检测 / 即时检测 / 纳米材料 / 多重信号探针

Key words

multi-modal detection / point-of-care testing / nanomaterials / multiple signal probes

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82160409)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82560415)

贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础MS(2026)907)