股直肌反折头的解剖、功能及影像学研究进展

Research progress on anatomy, function and imaging of the reflected head of rectus femoris

摘要

股直肌反折头是股直肌近端一个独立且具有重要功能的腱性结构，并非直头的附属部分。反折头主要起自髋臼前上缘及髋关节囊上部，呈扇形腱性结构，存在肌腱腱膜扩张、囊头变异及肌纤维排列异常等多种解剖变异，并与关节囊、盂唇及髂股韧带形成紧密纤维连接。功能上，反折头不仅参与髋关节屈曲与膝关节伸展，更在维持髋关节前方稳定、动态调节关节囊内压、协同盂唇密封及提供本体感觉反馈中发挥关键作用。超声、磁共振成像（MRI）及计算机断层扫描（CT）可活体评估其形态与损伤。本文系统综述股直肌反折头的解剖形态、生物力学功能及影像学研究进展，以期深化对该结构的理解，为临床实践提供参考。

Abstract

The reflected head of the rectus femoris is an independent and functionally significant tendinous structure at the proximal end of the rectus femoris, rather than an accessory of the direct head. The reflected head mainly arises from the superior acetabular rim and the superior part of the hip joint capsule, presenting as a fan shaped tendinous structure. It exhibits various anatomical variations including tendinoaponeurotic expansion, capsular head variation, and abnormal myofiber arrangement, and has close fibrous connections with the joint capsule, labrum, and iliofemoral ligament. Functionally, the reflected head not only participates in hip flexion and knee extension but also plays critical roles in maintaining anterior hip stability, dynamically regulating intracapsular pressure, synergizing with the labral seal, and providing proprioceptive feedback. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) allow in vivo morphological evaluation and injury assessment. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on its anatomical morphology, biomechanical functions, and imaging findings to deepen understanding of this structure and provide references for clinical practice.

关键词

股直肌反折头 / 解剖学 / 功能 / 影像学

Key words

reflected head of rectus femoris / anatomy / function / imaging

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(32260217)