间充质干细胞外泌体 miRNA 调控巨噬细胞极化治疗炎症相关疾病研究进展

Advance of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome miRNA in the treatment of inflammatory diseases by regulating macrophage polarization

摘要

作为机体固有免疫的重要组成部分, 巨噬细胞 M1 / M2 型间的平衡参与组织免疫炎症调控、 组织修复与再生。 近年来研究发现, 间充质干细胞外泌体 (MSC-Exos) 介导的免疫调节能力与巨噬细胞功能调控密切相关。MSC-Exos 通过调控 M1 型巨噬细胞向 M2 型极化, 抑制炎症, 促进组织修复, 而这种调控部分是通过其包含的生物活性因子 miRNA 起作用, 目前仍处于探索阶段。 此外, 通过预处理的方式改变 MSC-Exos miRNA 的表达水平, 可增强其对巨噬细胞的免疫调控能力。 本文就近年来 MSC-Exos miRNA 调控巨噬细胞极化治疗炎症相关疾病的作用及机制作一综述。

Abstract

As an important part of innate immunity, the balance between M1/ M2 macrophages is involved in immunoinflammatory regulation, tissue repair and regeneration. In recent years, it has been found that the immune regulation mediated by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) is closely related to the function regulation of macrophages. MSC-Exos inhibit inflammation and promote tissue repair by regulating the polarization of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages, and this regulation is partly mediated by the bioactive factor miRNA contained in MSC-Exos, which is still under exploration. Furthermore, changing the expression level of MSC-Exos miRNA by preconditioning can enhance its immune regulation. This paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of MSC-Exos miRNA on macrophage polarization in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in recent years.

关键词

间充质干细胞 / 外泌体 / 巨噬细胞 / 炎症

Key words

mesenchymal stem cells / exosomes / macrophages / inflammation

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基金资助

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-954)

西安市卫生健康委员会科研项目(2025ms05)

西安市卫生健康委员会科研项目(2025qn13)