不同温度下龟纹瓢虫对槐蚜的捕食功能反应

Predatory functional responses of Propylea japonica larvae and adults to Aphis sophoricola under different temperatures

摘要

为探究温度变化对龟纹瓢虫 Propylea japonica Carl Peter Thunberg捕食槐蚜 Aphis sophoricola Guangxue Zhang能力的影响,明确其最佳控害效能对应的温度与虫态,以龟纹瓢虫和槐蚜为研究对象,设置20、25和30 ℃ 3个温度梯度,分别测定龟纹瓢虫1~4龄幼虫及成虫对不同密度槐蚜的捕食量,并采用Holling II型功能反应模型进行拟合分析。结果表明:各温度下,各龄期龟纹瓢虫对槐蚜的捕食功能反应均符合Holling II型模型。25 ℃时,龟纹瓢虫(尤其是低龄幼虫)的瞬时攻击率为其他温度的2~5倍,处理时间相对较短；30 ℃时,龟纹瓢虫(尤其是高龄幼虫和成虫)的捕食效率最高,理论日最大捕食量明显高于其他温度；20 ℃时,捕食能力及日最大捕食量则显著下降,抑制其捕食效率。在20 ℃和30 ℃条件下,成虫是发挥最大控害潜力的最适虫态；而在25 ℃条件下,3龄幼虫是最适龄期。30 ℃时,龟纹瓢虫(尤其是高龄幼虫和成虫)表现出最高的捕食效率,其理论日最大捕食量显著高于其他温度。总体上,龟纹瓢虫控害能力随生长发育逐渐增强,并在较高的环境温度下达到最大化。研究结果可为田间应用中根据气候条件精准释放适宜虫态的龟纹瓢虫,高效防控槐蚜提供理论参考。

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of environmental temperatures on the predation ability against Propylea japonica larvae and adults for Aphis sophoricola,and to identify the optimal temperature and instar for maximum pest suppression efficacy. Under controlled conditions of 20,25 and 30 ℃, P. japonica and A. sophoricola were applied to quantify the predation rates of 1st to 4th instar larvae and adults on aphids at varying densities. Subsequently,the predation dynamics were analyzed by fitting the data to the Holling type II functional response model. At all tested temperatures,the functional response of P. japonica to aphid predation was conformed to fit assumption from the Holling type II model. At 25 ℃,the instantaneous attack rate of P. japonica (especially young larvae) was 2—5 times higher that at the other two temperatures,and the handling time was also shorter. At 30 ℃, P. japonica (especially old larvae and adults) exhibited the highest predation efficiency,and its theoretical daily maximum predation capacity was significantly higher than at other temperatures. At 20 ℃,the predation capacity and daily maximum predation were markedly reduced,which significantly inhibited predation efficiency. The 2nd instar larvae and adults are the optimal stages for P. japonica to exert the maximum control potential against A. sophoricola at 20 ℃ and 30 ℃,whereas the 3rd instar larvae are the optimal instar at 25 ℃. The 4th instar larvae and adults are the optimal instars and stages at 30 ℃. Overall,our study showed that pest control efficacy of P. japonica on A. sophoricola increased with its developmental maturity and reached its peak at higher ambient temperatures. In summary,this study provides a theoretical basis for releasing P. japonica in suitable life stages according to climatic conditions in field applications to achieve efficient aphid control.

关键词

槐蚜 / 控害效能 / 瞬时攻击率 / 捕食效率 / 功能反应

Key words

Aphis sophoricola / biocontrol potential / instantaneous attack rate / predation efficiency / functional response

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基金资助

园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术北京市重点实验室开放课题(YKYZD202504)

园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术北京市重点实验室开放课题(YKYZD202603)