北京地区5种栎类植物光合特性及其生态服务能力研究

Photosynthetic characteristics and ecological service capacity of five Quercus species in Beijing region

摘要

探究不同栎类植物光合特性及其生态服务能力,对栎类植物栽培管理与碳计量评估具有重要意义。本研究以北京地区的槲树 Quercus dentata Thunb.、栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis Blume、麻栎 Quercus acutissima Carruth.、蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.和槲栎 Quercus aliena Blume等5种主要栎类植物为研究对象,利用LI-6400XT便携式光合仪测定其光合特性指标的日变化特征,结合绿量计算模型和固碳释氧量、蒸腾吸热评估模型估算不同种栎类植物及栎林的生态服务能力。结果表明:1)5种栎类植物净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化均呈明显的双峰曲线变化趋势。2)净光合速率日变化范围为1.05~12.20 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹,蒸腾速率日变化范围为0.48~5.46 mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹,两者日均速率由大到小排序均为:槲树、栓皮栎、蒙古栎、麻栎、槲栎。3)按单株胸径20 cm同规格绿量计算,日固碳量和日释氧量由大到小排序均为:蒙古栎、栓皮栎、槲树、麻栎、槲栎。在降温增湿生态服务能力方面,日释水量由大到小排序为:槲树、栓皮栎、蒙古栎、麻栎、槲栎；日吸收热量由大到小排序为:蒙古栎、槲树、栓皮栎、麻栎、槲栎。4)按当前北京地区5种主要栎类林总面积12.27万hm²计算,其生态服务能力总量为:年均固碳量355万t、年均释氧量258万t、年均释水量65.4亿t、年均吸收热量1.756×10¹⁶kJ。本研究为北京地区栎类植物造林绿化树种的选择和应用提供科学依据。

Abstract

The investigation of photosynthetic traits and ecological service capabilities of Quercus species is crucial for their cultivation management and carbon sequestration assessment. In this study,five major Quercus plants in Beijing,including Quercus dentata Thunb.,Quercus variabilis Blume,Quercus acutissima Carruth.,Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Quercus aliena Blume were investigated. The diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics was measured using LI-6400XT portable photosynthmeter,and the ecological benefits of different Quercus species were estimated by combining their green quantity calculation model,carbon fixation,oxygen release and transpiration evaluation model. Our results showed that:1)The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of the five Quercus species exhibited a distinct bimodal curve pattern,characterized by peaks and troughs. 2)The daily variation range of net photosynthetic rate was 1.05~12.20 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹,and the daily variation range of transpiration rate was 0.48~5.46 mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. The average daily rates of both were as follows:Q. dentata,Q. variabilis,Q. mongolica,Q. acutissima,Q. aliena. 3)According to the green mass of an individual plant with a diameter of 20 cm,the daily carbon sequestration and oxygen release were as follows:Q. mongolica,Q. variabilis,Q. dentata,Q. acutissima,Q. aliena. Regarding cooling and humidification benefits,the daily water release was ranked as follows:Q. dentata,Q. variabilis,Q. mongolica,Q. acutissima,Q. aliena. The order of daily heat absorption is:Q. mongolica,Q. dentata,Q. variabilis,Q. acutissima,Q. aliena. 4)Based on the current total area of 122 700 m² of the five major Quercus forest types in the Beijing region,the total ecological service capacity was estimated. The annual carbon sequestration amounts were 3.55 million tons,with annual oxygen release of 2.58 million tons. Annual water transpiration reaches 6.54 billion tons,while annual heat absorption totaled 1.756 × 10¹⁶ kJ. These findings provide a scientific basis for the selection and application of Quercus species in afforestation and greening initiatives in the Beijing region.

关键词

栎类植物 / 光合速率 / 蒸腾速率 / 生态服务能力

Key words

Quercus species / photosynthetic rate / transpiration rate / ecological service capacity

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基金资助

绿化植物育种北京市重点实验室重点研发项目(YZZD202407)

绿化植物育种北京市重点实验室重点研发项目(YKYZD202607)

青年预探索项目(YKYQN202502)

北京市财政项目(11000025T000003340135)