多次干旱事件对不同生长状态樟子松生长与抵抗力的影响

Effects of several drought events on growth and resistance of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in different growth states

摘要

不同生长状态的树木适应气候变化的能力可能存在差异。通过测定健康、退化和濒死樟子松径向生长差异，评估其对气候带的敏感性；利用断面积增长率(BAI)平滑曲线计算多次严重干旱事件前后樟子松的抵抗力、恢复力和相对韧性，旨在获得不同生长状态樟子松抵抗干旱能力的变化规律。结果显示:2009年以后濒死、退化樟子松树轮宽度和BAI均显著低于健康樟子松，所有樟子松BAI与树龄均呈显著的二次曲线关系。从曲线拐点看，濒死和退化樟子松BAI开始下降时间比健康树分别提前了8年和5年；径向生长主要受前一年7—8月和当年6—7月气候因子(尤其是温度)的强烈调控；当径向生长出现显著差异后，濒死樟子松的气候敏感性下降；在3次严重干旱事件中，樟子松树轮宽度和BAI均显著下降，濒死和退化樟子松的恢复力和相对韧性均显著低于健康树，表明其恢复能力较差；濒死和退化樟子松相对韧性逐次减小并变为负值，表明其在干旱事件后生长不能恢复至原先水平。受到多次干旱事件压力累积的影响，濒死和退化樟子松在未来死亡的风险增加。

Abstract

Trees in different growth states may vary in their ability to adapt to climate change. In this study, the climatic sensitivity of Mongolian pine ( Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.) was evaluated by measuring differences in radial growth among healthy, declining, and dying trees. To determine the dynamics of drought resistance across these different growth states, the resistance, resilience, and relative resilience of the trees before and after several severe drought events were calculated using smoothed basal area increment (BAI) curves. The results showed that after 2009, the tree-ring width and BAI of dying and declining Mongolian pine were significantly lower than those of healthy trees. Furthermore, BAI exhibited a significant quadratic relationship with tree age across all trees. Based on the turning points of the fitted curves, the onset of BAI decline in dying and declining trees occurred 8 and 5 years earlier, respectively, than in healthy trees. Radial growth was strongly regulated by climatic factors (especially temperature) from July to August of the previous year and from June to July of the current year. Notably, the climatic sensitivity of dying trees decreased once significant differences in radial growth emerged. During the three severe drought events, tree-ring width and BAI decreased significantly. The resilience and relative resilience of dying and declining trees were significantly lower than those of healthy trees, indicating a poorer capacity for recovery. Moreover, the relative resilience of dying and declining trees gradually decreased and eventually became negative, suggesting that their growth could not return to pre-drought levels following the drought events. Given the cumulative effects of these drought events, the future mortality risk of dying and declining Mongolian pine is expected to increase.

关键词

樟子松 / 干旱事件 / 径向生长 / 抵抗力 / 韧性

Key words

Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. / drought event / radial growth / resistance / resilience

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32171871)