北京市通州区林木真菌病害多样性研究

Study on fungal disease diversity of forest trees in Tongzhou District, Beijing

摘要

北京市通州区有平原生态林、城市森林公园等多种类型的城市森林绿地，正面临多种病害频发带来的树木健康问题。经过连续 3 年对全区城市森林公园、平原生态林、湿地林以及苗圃地林木真菌病害的调查与病原鉴定，共鉴定出 154 种林木病害。其中，城市森林公园病害种类最丰富(128 种)，苗圃地最少(17 种)；枝枯病和叶斑病为区域内主要病害。通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定病害相关真菌 93 种，隶属 2 门 5 纲 15 目 35 科 57 属，其中壳囊孢科 Cytosporaceae(16 种 )和葡萄座腔菌科 Botryosphaeriaceae(8 种 )的寄主范围广泛 ， 座囊葡萄座腔菌 Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not.为本次调查寄主范围最广的物种，可跨 21 科致病；蔷薇科 Rosaceae 等植物的同一类病害，存在由多种病原菌复合侵染致病的现象。本研究首次分析了通州区林木病害潜在病原真菌的多样性组成与优势类群分布，以及与病害发生的内在关联性，为城市树木健康管理、病害精准防控及真菌资源利用提供科学依据。

Abstract

To investigate the diversity of fungal diseases in different urban forest types in Tongzhou District，Beijing，a three-year survey and pathogen identification were conducted across urban forest parks，plain ecological forests，wetland forests，and nursery lands. A total of 154 tree diseases were documented，with urban forest parks harboring the highest number(128 disease types) and nursery lands the lowest(17 disease types). Branch blight and leaf spot were identified as the dominant diseases in the region. Through morphological and molecular analyses，93 fungal pathogens were identified，belonging to 2 phyla，5 classes，15 orders，35 families，and 57 genera. Among these，Cytosporaceae(16 species) and Botryosphaeriaceae(8 species) exhibited broad host ranges. Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not. was the species with the widest host range，infecting plants from 21 families. Additionally，multiple pathogen species were found to co-infect the same disease type on plants such as those in the Rosaceae family. This study analyzed of the diversity composition and dominant taxa distribution of potential fungal pathogens in Tongzhou's forests， as well as their associations with diease occurrence， offering scientific support for urban tree health management and precise disease control.

关键词

病原菌 / 种类 / 形态学 / 分子系统学 / 城市森林

Key words

pathogen / fungi / morphology / molecular systematics / urban forest

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基金资助

2023 年城市副中心园林昆虫和病菌多样性持续调查及评价(J·JXH2023)