氟吡菌酰胺对松材线虫杀线活性及防治效果评价

Evaluation of the nematicidal activity and efficacy of fluopyram against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

摘要

松材线虫病是由松材线虫 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle 引起的一种毁灭性森林病害。为筛选高效替代防治松材线虫病药剂，本研究比较了 8 种候选药剂对松材线虫的离体杀线活性，进一步评价了氟吡菌酰胺对松材线虫运动能力、繁殖能力的影响，以及对黄山松 Pinus hwangshanensis W. Y. Hsia 苗期松材线虫病的防治效果。结果表明:8 种药剂对松材线虫均表现出不同程度的杀线活性，其中氟吡菌酰胺活性最高，24 h 半致死浓度(LC₅₀)为 3.884 mg∙L⁻¹；该浓度处理后，存活线虫头部摆动频率显著降低，其取食和繁殖均受到抑制；对黄山松苗木人工接种松材线虫，接种前 14 d 和接种后 14 d 喷施 50 mg∙L⁻¹ 氟吡菌酰胺，接种后 63 d 的防治效果分别为 93.33% 和 77.78%，感病苗木体内松材线虫数量显著降低。氟吡菌酰胺具有较强的直接杀线活性和种群抑制作用，并在黄山松苗期接种试验中表现出良好的防治效果，可为筛选防治松材线虫病替代药剂和优化化学防控策略提供参考。

Abstract

Pine wilt disease is a devastating forest disease caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle. To identify highly effective alternative nematicides, this study compared the in vitro nematicidal activities of eight candidate compounds against B. xylophilus and further evaluated the effects of fluopyram on nematode motility and reproduction, as well as its control efficacy against pine wilt disease in Pinus hwangshanensis W.Y. Hsia seedlings. The results showed that all eight compounds exhibited varying degrees of nematicidal activity, with fluopyram showing the highest activity and a 24 h LC ₅₀ value of 3.884 mg·L ⁻¹. Treatment at the LC ₅₀ concentration significantly reduced the head-swing frequency of surviving nematodes and inhibited their feeding and reproduction. Following artificial inoculation of P. hwangshanensis seedlings with B. xylophilus, foliar application of 50 mg·L ⁻¹ fluopyram 14 days before or 14 days after inoculation resulted in control efficacies of 93.33% and 77.78%, respectively, at 63 days after inoculation, while also significantly reducing the nematode population in infected seedlings. These results demonstrate that fluopyram possesses strong direct nematicidal activity and effectively suppresses nematode population development. It also exhibited favorable control efficacy in seedling inoculation assays of P. hwangshanensis, providing a basis for screening alternative nematicides and optimizing chemical management strategies for pine wilt disease.

关键词

松材线虫 / 氟吡菌酰胺 / 毒力测定 / 繁殖抑制 / 防治效果

Key words

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle / fluopyram / toxicity test / reproduction inhibition / control efficacy

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基金资助

安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2022i01020010)