基于仿真与试验的高原铁路车辆车体强度分析与优化研究

Strength Analysis and Optimization of Plateau Railway Vehicle Body Based on Simulation and Test

摘要

高原低温运行环境对铁路车辆车体的结构安全提出了极高要求。车体强度与刚度是车辆安全的基础，而局部应力集中、中部刚度不足是车体研制中的难题。本文以高原铁路车辆车体为研究对象，从垂向、纵向、扭转、顶车、起吊等多个工况进行强度与刚度试验，完成184个应力测点及6个刚度测点的数据采集。通过试验数据与有限元仿真结果对比分析，验证仿真计算模型的有效性，并对车体结构中应力集中及刚度不足的区域提出优化改进意见，为车体的可靠性设计与性能提升提供依据。

Abstract

The operating environment in high-altitude low-temperature regions imposes extremely high requirements on the structural integrity of railway vehicle bodies. The strength and stiffness of the body are fundamental to vehicle safety, while localized stress concentration and insufficient mid-span stiffness pose significant challenges in body development. This paper takes the body of a plateau railway vehicle as the research object, conducting multi-condition strength tests including vertical, longitudinal, torsional, jacking, and lifting load cases. Data from 184 stress measurement points and 6 deflection measurement points are collected. Through comparative analysis of experimental data and finite element simulation results, optimization suggestions are proposed for areas in the body structure exhibiting stress concentration or insufficient stiffness.

关键词

高原铁路车辆 / 车体强度及刚度 / 仿真计算与试验 / 应力集中 / 结构优化

Key words

Plateau Railway Vehicle / Body Strength and Stiffness / Simulation and Test / Stress Concentration / Structural Optimization

参考文献

[1] European Committee for Standardization. EN 12663:2000, Railway applications - Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies[S]. British Standards Institution, 2000.

[2] 国家铁路局. TB/T 3550.1-2019,机车车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范车体第1部分:客车车体[S]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 2019.

[3] 国家铁路局. TB/T 3550.2-2019,机车车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范车体第2部分:货车车体[S]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 2019.