城市轨道交通信号系统典型故障诊断与维护策略思考

Considerations on Typical Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Strategies for Urban Rail Transit Signal Systems

摘要

城市轨道交通信号系统对列车运行安全非常关键，其可靠性会直接影响运营效率、乘客安全。本文针对道岔转辙机转换不到位或表示丢失、轨道电路（信号机、计轴器）设备参数故障、应答器报文错误丢失、数据传输系统故障等典型故障深入分析其机理，并引入聚类分析、寿命预测模型等智能方法，实现从“故障后修复”向“故障前预测”的转变。通过集成传感器实时监测、动态阈值自适应、远程复位授权、状态修与周期修相结合等策略，显著提升信号系统的自愈能力与抗干扰能力。实践表明，该智能化维护体系能够有效降低故障率，保障城市轨道交通的安全稳定运行。

Abstract

The urban rail transit signaling system is crucial for train operational safety, and its reliability directly impacts operational efficiency and passenger safety. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of typical faults—including incomplete switching by turnout switches or loss of indication signals, equipment parameter failures in track circuits (signal devices and axle counters), erroneous or lost transponder messages, and data transmission system malfunctions—by examining their underlying mechanisms. It introduces intelligent methods such as cluster analysis and life prediction models to shift the focus from post-fault repair to pre-fault prediction. By integrating strategies like real-time sensor monitoring, dynamic threshold adaptation, remote reset authorization, and a combination of condition-based maintenance and periodic maintenance, the system significantly enhances its self-healing capability and resistance to interference. Practical applications demonstrate that this intelligent maintenance framework effectively reduces failure rates and ensures safe, stable operation of urban rail transit systems.

关键词

城市轨道交通 / 信号系统 / 故障诊断 / 维护策略

Key words

urban rail transit / signal system / fault diagnosis / maintenance strategy

参考文献

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