煤矿主排水泵机电系统故障排查与日常维护管理研究

Research on Fault Diagnosis and Daily Maintenance Management of the Electromechanical System of Main Drainage Pumps in Coal Mines

摘要

主排水泵是把井下涌水提升到地面的设备，其机电系统如果发生故障，轻则影响排水能力，重则威胁井下安全。机械结构、电气控制、液压管路三类故障不是孤立存在的，它们常常以耦合的形式互相影响、互相掩盖，单点排查很难找到根本原因。研究从故障的物理成因入手，分析磨损、绝缘老化、汽蚀等常见故障的内在原因，然后论证用征兆分层、由表及里、交叉验证为脉络的精准排查技术和流程，最后从日常维护角度提出分级巡检、定期养护、制度优化和人员能力建设互相支撑的管理途径。分析结果表明，排水泵运维的难点不是发现已经明显的故障，而是识别出劣化开始萌芽的时候，将被动抢修转变为主动预防，使设备的可靠性以及排水保障能力得到稳定的提高。

Abstract

The main drainage pump is a device used to lift underground water to the surface. If its electromechanical system fails, it may not only reduce drainage capacity but also seriously threaten underground safety. Mechanical structure, electrical control, and hydraulic piping faults are not isolated; they often interact and mask each other in coupled ways, making it difficult to identify root causes through single-point troubleshooting. This study begins with the physical origins of failures, analyzing the underlying causes of common issues such as wear, insulation aging, and cavitation. It then proposes a precise fault diagnosis technique and process based on symptom stratification, surface-to-core analysis, and cross-validation. Finally, from the perspective of routine maintenance, it presents an integrated management approach combining tiered inspections, regular maintenance, system optimization, and personnel capability development. The analysis shows that the key challenge in drainage pump operation and maintenance lies not in detecting obvious failures, but in identifying early signs of degradation. By shifting from reactive repairs to proactive prevention, equipment reliability and drainage assurance can be steadily improved.

关键词

主排水泵 / 机电系统 / 故障排查 / 日常维护 / 预防性管理

Key words

main drainage pump / electromechanical system / fault diagnosis / routine maintenance / preventive management

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