骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床治疗进展

陈长军; 马清伟; 张磊; 王秋入; 彭大勇; 陈猛; 杨允; 张凯宁; 曾伟南; 颜廷宾

doi:10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003666

重庆医科大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (04) : 488 -495. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003666

综述

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床治疗进展

陈长军 ¹ ,
马清伟 ¹ ,
张磊 ¹ ,
王秋入 ² ,
彭大勇 ¹ ,
陈猛 ¹ ,
杨允 ¹ ,
张凯宁 ¹ ,
曾伟南 ² ,
颜廷宾 ³

作者信息 +

Advances in the clinical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

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摘要

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures，OVCFs）是常见的骨科疾病，可引起脊柱疼痛和畸形，严重影响患者生活质量。目前其治疗方式多样，但迄今为止尚无最佳治疗标准。因此，该文重点介绍了当前针对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的流行病学特点和临床治疗策略，旨在加强临床医生对该问题的认识，并为选择更合适的治疗方案提供参考。支具制动、镇痛等保守治疗是OVCFs基础治疗措施；应用抗骨质疏松药物是治疗的关键；微创手术［如经皮穿刺椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty，PVP）、经皮穿刺椎体后凸椎体成形术（percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty，PKP）］仍然是主流手术方式；传统开放手术（如前路脊柱融合术、前后路联合脊柱融合术、后路脊柱融合术、后路脊柱融合联三柱截骨术以及后路脊柱融合联椎体成形术）也是治疗的重要组成部分。此外，在进行手术时，手术医师应高度重视积累相关手术技术和技巧，以应对手术治疗所带来的挑战和并发症的发生。最终，为患者选择科学而恰当的治疗方法，以改善长期治疗效果并提升患者满意度。

Abstract

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures（OVCFs） are common orthopedic conditions that can lead to spinal pain and deformity，which greatly affects the quality of life of patients. Currently，there are various treatment methods for OVCFs，but there is still a lack of standards for optimal treatment modalities. Therefore，this article introduces the current treatment methods and characteristics of epidemiology for OVCFs，in order to improve the awareness of this disease among clinicians and provide a reference for selecting more appropriate treatment regimens. Conservative treatment measures，such as bracing and analgesia，are the basic treatment measures for OVCFs，and anti-osteoporosis drugs play a crucial role in management. Minimally invasive procedures，including percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty，remain the primary surgical interventions，and traditional open surgeries are also an important part of treatment，such as anterior spinal fusion，combined anterior and posterior spinal fusion，posterior spinal fusion with three-column osteotomy，and posterior spinal fusion with vertebroplasty. Furthermore，surgeons should focus on the accumulation of related surgical techniques and skills during surgery to effectively address the challenges and complications associated with surgical interventions. Finally，scientific and appropriate treatment methods should be selected for patients，in order to improve long-term treatment outcomes and increase the degree of satisfaction among patients.