三塔合一间接空冷系统结构参数对夏季运行特性的影响研究

Influence of Structural Parameters on the Summer Operational Characteristics of a Three-Tower-in-One Indirect Air-Cooling System

摘要

为了揭示三塔合一间接空冷系统结构参数对系统夏季运行特性的影响规律，基于夏季汽机额定负载工况，利用商业计算软件和互联网通信协议，建立了三塔合一间接空冷系统的耦合计算模型，验证了系统仿真模型的准确性。利用本文模型，定量分析了塔身高度、进风口直径、排烟高度和烟囱直径等关键结构参数的变化对系统运行性能的影响。结果表明：塔身高度和进风口直径的增加能显著降低机组背压，当塔身高度从190 m增至206 m时，机组背压降低了0.73 kPa。当进风口直径从126 m增加至138 m时，机组背压降低了2.04 kPa。排烟高度对机组背压的影响较小，在工程实际中可忽略，烟囱直径从6.5 m增加到10.5 m时，机组背压增加了0.37 kPa，增加趋势随着烟囱直径增大逐渐平缓，烟囱面积越大对机组背压所产生的影响越小。综合考虑投资成本和运行效益，建议塔身高度和进风口直径应适当增大，而烟囱直径应适当减小。研究结果可为三塔合一间接空冷系统的结构优化和机组经济性提升提供理论依据。

Abstract

To elucidate how the structural parameters of the three-tower-in-one indirect air-cooling system influence its operational characteristics in summer, a coupled calculation model for the system was established under the turbine rated load condition in summer, using commercial simulation software and Internet communication protocols. The accuracy of the system’s simulation model was verified, and the impacts of key structural parameters—including tower height, air inlet diameter, flue gas exhaust height, and chimney diameter—on the system’s operational performance were quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrate that, as the tower height and air inlet diameter increase, the unit back pressure significantly drops. Specifically, as the tower height increases from 190 m to 206 m, the unit back pressure is reduced by 0.73 kPa; as the air inlet diameter increases from 126 m to 138 m, the unit back pressure decreases by 2.04 kPa. The influence of flue gas exhaust height on the unit back pressure was found to be minimal, so much so that it is negligible in engineering practice. When the chimney diameter is increased from 6.5 m to 10.5 m, the unit back pressure increases by 0.37 kPa. The increase in back pressure gradually levels off as chimney diameter grows, indicating a diminishing impact of chimney area on unit back pressure. Considering both investment costs and operational benefits, it is recommended that the tower height and air inlet diameter should be moderately increased, while the chimney diameter should be slightly decreased. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization and improved unit economics of three-tower-in-one indirect air-cooling systems.

关键词

三塔合一间接空冷系统 / 运行特性 / 系统仿真 / 结构参数

Key words

three-tower-in-one indirect air-cooling system / operational characteristics / system-level simulation / structural parameters

参考文献

[1] Yang Yang, Jin Jie, Liu Baomin, et al. Study on operation optimization of steam turbine cold end system in combined cycle units[J].Mechanical and Electrical Information, 2023(2): 15-17.

[2] Wang Ke . Brief analysis on optimization and transformation technology of steam turbine cold end system in large—scale thermal power units[J].Safety Technology of Special Equipment, 2022(5): 14-16.

[3] Shi Jinwen, Gao Fanxiang, Zou Yang, et al. Air cooling technology for power stations: research progress and perspectives[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2023, 57(7): 20-37.

[4] Wang Mingwei, Liu Tiantian, Gao Qi, et al. Design and operating performance of mechanical draft dry cooling tower pre—cooled with wet medium[J].Electric Power, 2024, 57(6): 225-234.

[5] Xie Yi . On the distribution of water resources and ecological red line in China[J].Modern Agriculture Research, 2020, 26(3): 143-144.

[6] Wang Xinyu, Shi Jianliang, Li Guobao, et al. Technical and economical analysis of indirect air—cooled system and direct air—coole system[J].Thermal Power Generation, 2010, 39(8): 1-3.

[7] 刘昆 . 三塔合一间接空冷系统变工况运行特性研究[D].北京：华北电力大学(北京)，2021.

[8] Ma Yiwei, Gao Yansheng, Yu Wei, et al. Dry cooling technology progress of thermal power plants[J].Electric Power, 1996, 29(2): 3-5.

[9] Ma Huan, Si Fengqi, Li Lan, et al. Effects of ambient temperature and crosswind on thermo—flow performance of the tower under energy balance of the indirect dry cooling system[J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 78: 90-100.

[10] 郭浩 . 三塔合一间接空冷塔优化研究[D].保定：华北电力大学(保定)，2017.

[11] Zhou Erqi, Chen Long, Hao Ying, et al. Numerical research on heat transfer performance of the four in one type indirect air cooled tower[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering, 2016, 32(1): 12-16.

[12] Zhou Erqi, Chen Long, Hou Yanfeng . Numerical research on changing operation of 660 MW unit of four in one type indirect air cooled tower[J].Power Station Auxiliary Equipment, 2016, 37(2): 4-8.

[13] Zhao Wensheng, Guo Hao, Song Baichuan . Structure optimization for an indirect air cooling tower with three incorporate towers[J].Turbine Technology, 2017, 59(4): 257-260.

[14] Zhang Junfeng . Research on the application of “three towers in one, four in one” technology of indirect air cooling unit[J].Value Engineering, 2019, 38(25): 173-175.

[15] Yang Shuo, Wang Guofeng, Yang Xinle, et al. Numerical study on smoke plume for natural draft cooling tower with flue gas injection[M]//Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences. [S.l.]: Destech Publicat Inc.,2018: 135-140.

[16] Kong Deman, Yuan Yichao . Numerical simulation of heat transfer capacity and flue gas diffusion in an indirect air cooling tower with three incorporate towers[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2020, 35(3): 193-200.

[17] Liu Mohan . Optimization of internal structure of three—tower integrated air cooling system[J].Modern Industrial Economy and Informationization, 2021, 11(1): 135-137.

[18] Li Jinfang, Han Gaoyan, Xie Na, et al. Characteristic study on flue gas of a “three—in—one” indirect air cooling tower[J].Zhejiang Electric Power, 2023, 42(2): 106-116.

[19] Chen Renjun, Zhang Li, Wang Tianci . Numerical study on improving the cooling performance of indirect dry cooling tower by pre—cooling with moist media[J].Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2025, 2932(1): 012023.

[20] 蔡宁宁 . 间接空冷塔内机械通风夏季增效研究[D].南京：东南大学，2021.

[21] 宰相 . 耦合热泵供暖的电厂冷端系统优化[D].北京：华北电力大学(北京)，2011.

[22] 陶文铨 . 数值传热学[M].2版.西安：西安交通大学出版社，2001：1-21.

[23] Drikakis D, Frank M, Tabor G . Multiscale computational fluid dynamics[J].Energies, 2019, 12(17): 3272.

[24] Yilmaz D. Computational fluid dynamics modeling of surface condensation[J].Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2020, 42(7): 351.

[25] Li Xiaoyu, Tao Wenquan . Numerical investigation of heat and mass transfer characteristics of plain fin under both dry and wet condition[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(4): 1034-1040.

[26] Rezaei B, Seif M M . Numerical study of flow in skewed compound channel using k—ε turbulence model[J].Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2022, 46(5): 3919-3929.

[27] Guo Liejin, Zhang Mingyuan, Guo Xiuli . A K—ε turbulent model for gas—liquid two—phase bubbly flow[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics, 1994, 9(2): 234-243.

[28] Zhang Hang, Lü Youjun . Numerical simulation on two—phase flow characteristics in the supercritical water circulating fluidized bed riser[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2018, 39(1): 127-132.

[29] Li Fei, Lu Tingting, Wu Zhengren, et al. Numerical simulation on influence of air—cooling island on the atmosphere flow field[J].Thermal Power Generation, 2016, 45(11): 82-87.

[30] Wang Zhijun, Song Lijun . Evaluating precise formula of atmospheric pressure by using genetic algorithms[J].Journal of Changchun University, 2001, 11(5): 31-33.

[31] Ansys Inc. ANSYS fluent user’s guide[M]. Canonsburg, USA: Southpointe,2021: 1310-1311.

[32] Bao Wen, Li Weipeng, Chang Juntao, et al. Closed—loop control simulation technology of distributed parameter system based on FLUENT/MATLAB interface[J].Journal of System Simulation, 2008, 20(11): 2851-2854.

[33] Li Lujun, Zhao Shunan, Song Xiaojun . Numerical simulation of influence of arrangement of flue gas discharge devices on performances of indirect dry air cooling tower[J].Heat Transfer Engineering, 2017, 38(11/12): 1117-1126.

[34] Sun Manman, Wei Huimin, Yang Lijun, et al. Investigation on draft equation for natural draft dry cooling tower[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(3): 859-866.

[35] Liao H T, Yang L J, Du X Z, et al. Influences of height to diameter ratios of dry—cooling tower upon thermo—flow characteristics of indirect dry cooling system[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015, 94: 178-192.

[36] 西北电力设计院 . 电力工程水务设计手册[M].北京：中国电力出版社，2005.

[37] Shu Jilong, Feng Jing, An Yuan, et al. Optimization design of natural draft indirect dry cooling system in thermal power plant[J].Electric Power Survey & Design, 2021(S1): 42-46.

[38] Xi Xinming, Wang Mengjie, Du Xiaoze, et al. Airflow field characteristics in indirect dry cooling tower of three incorporate towers system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015(23): 6089-6098.

基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFB4105000)