水蒸气掺混对氨裂解气旋流燃烧与排放特性的影响研究

Effects of Steam Addition on the Swirl Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Cracked Ammonia

摘要

为明晰水蒸气掺混对于氨裂解气旋流燃烧的影响规律，探究适用于不同裂解率C的水蒸气掺混比例H。采用燃烧与回火极限测量、数码照相、羟基平面激光诱导荧光(OH-PLIF)、粒子图像测速(PIV)以及尾气分析等手段，对预混旋流燃烧器中氨裂解燃烧和污染物排放特性进行了研究，并结合化学反应网络阐明了水蒸气掺混对于氮氧化物(NO_x)降低的机理。结果表明：一方面，水蒸气掺混有明显弱化燃烧的作用；相比于H=0的条件，当H=0.1，0.2时，在0.2＜C＜0.4范围内，燃烧当量比范围缩减了21.1%～50.9%，火焰自发光减弱，OH信号降低66%～75%，燃烧尾气中NH₃排放提升了18%～368%；另一方面，水蒸气掺混明显增强了燃烧均匀性并降低了NO_x排放；H=0.1，0.2时的火焰对称性分别提高了11.8%和56.3%，NO_x排放降低了60%～90%。NO_x排放降低是燃料型与热力型NO_x生成速率降低、De-NO_x反应增强共同作用的结果。总体而言，0.2＜C＜0.4时采用H=0.1的水蒸气掺混比例、C＞0.4时采用H=0.2的水蒸气掺混比例是较合理的策略。

Abstract

To clarify how steam addition affects the swirl combustion of cracked ammonia and to identify the optimal steam blending ratios (H) for various cracking rates (C), the combustion and pollutant emission characteristics of cracked ammonia in a premixed swirl combustor were investigated. Experimental methods including combustion and flashback limit measurements, digital imaging, OH plane laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF), particle image velocimetry (PIV), and exhaust gas analysis were employed. Furthermore, the mechanism of nitrogen oxide (NO_x) reduction through steam addition was elucidated using a chemical reaction network (CRN). The results indicate that steam addition significantly weakens the combustion intensity. Compared to H=0, the combustion equivalence ratio is reduced by 21.1%—50.9% for 0.2＜C＜0.4 when H is set to 0.1 and 0.2. Correspondingly, the flame chemiluminescence is weakened, the OH signal intensity decreases by 66%—75%, and NH₃ emissions in the exhaust gas increase by 18%—368%. Conversely, steam addition significantly enhances combustion uniformity and suppresses NO_x emissions. Specifically, flame symmetry is improved by 11.8% and 56.3% at H=0.1 and 0.2, respectively, with a 60%—90% reduction in NO _x emissions. This NO_x reduction is attributed to the combined effects of decreased formation rates of fuel-type and thermal-type NO_x, along with the enhancement of De-NO_x reactions. Overall, a steam blending ratio of H=0.1 is recommended for 0.2＜C＜0.4, whereas H=0.2 is preferred for C＞0.4.

关键词

氨裂解燃烧 / 旋流燃烧 / 水蒸气掺混 / 氮氧化物 / 平面激光诱导荧光

Key words

cracked ammonia combustion / swirl combustion / steam addition / NO_x / plane laser-induced fluorescence

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52176130)