电动车辆间接热系统快速除湿响应迟滞机理及优化控制策略

Mechanism and Optimal Control Strategy for Hysteresis in Rapid Dehumidification Response of Indirect Thermal Systems in Electric Vehicles

摘要

针对高湿环境下电动车辆挡风玻璃易结雾而影响行车安全的问题，为提升电动车辆间接热管理系统切换至除湿模式时的除湿动态响应速度，提出一种快速实现低湿空气送风的优化控制策略。通过搭建跨临界CO₂系统实验平台并建立高精度动态仿真模型，基于所建模型的仿真数据结果，对比直接式与间接式热管理系统的性能差异，揭示间接系统快速除湿响应的迟滞机理；分析水冷蒸发器流量、水冷冷凝器流量及前端体积风量对动态除湿量的影响，提出一种基于时序协同的优化控制策略。研究结果表明，因水路热惯性，间接系统送风温度达到露点温度的时间延长、出现温度回弹引发除湿风温升高，使其动态累计除湿量较直接系统低59.8%；将水冷冷凝器流量和前端体积风量切换值调整至4.8 L/min和0，可分别提升动态累计除湿量90.9%和77.9%；通过优化水冷蒸发器流量、水冷冷凝器流量及前端体积风量在模式切换瞬态的调整时序，发现切换后8、30 s分别调整蒸发器流量、前端体积风量，可使间接系统累计除湿量较原方案提升203.1%，并超过直接系统22.2%，显著提升了除雾工况下的快速低湿送风能力。该研究结果为间接热管理系统在实际应用中的快速除湿动态响应提供了有效的策略参考。

Abstract

Because the windshield of electric vehicles (EVs) tends to fog under very humid conditions, compromising driving safety, a control strategy for the supply of low-humidity air was proposed to accelerate the dynamic dehumidification response of the EV’s indirect thermal management systems during a switch to dehumidification mode. An experimental platform for transcritical CO₂ systems was built up, and a dynamic simulation model with high precision was developed. Based on the results from this simulation model, performance differences between direct and indirect systems were compared to reveal the hysteresis mechanism of the dynamic dehumidification response in indirect systems. The effects of the liquid-cooled evaporator (LCEVP) flow rate, liquid-cooled gas cooler (LCGC) flow rate, and front air volume on the dynamic dehumidification capacity were analyzed, leading to the proposal of an optimal control strategy based on time-sequenced collaboration. The results show that due to the thermal inertia of the water circuit, the time required for the air supply temperature to reach the dew point is prolonged, and a temperature rebound occurs, leading to an increase in dehumidification air temperature. Consequently, the dynamic cumulative dehumidification capacity of the indirect system was found to be 59.8% lower than that of the direct system. By adjusting the LCGC flow rate and front air volume to 4.8 L/min and 0 m³/h, respectively, the dynamic cumulative dehumidification capacity was increased by 90.9% and 77.9%. Furthermore, by optimizing the time sequence to adjust the LCEVP flow rate, LCGC flow rate, and front air volume at the moment of switching, it was observed that adjusting the LCEVP flow rate and front air volume 8 s and 30 s after the switch, respectively, increased the cumulative dehumidification capacity by 203.1% compared to the original scheme. This optimized performance exceeded that of the direct system by 22.2%, significantly enhancing the rapid low-humidity air supply capability under defogging conditions. These findings offer effective strategic guidance for rapid dynamic dehumidification responses in practical applications of indirect thermal management systems.

关键词

电动车辆热管理 / 跨临界CO₂系统 / 间接系统 / 除湿动态响应

Key words

electric vehicle thermal management / transcritical CO₂ system / indirect system / dehumidification dynamic response

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基金资助

广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目(2023B0909050005)