大型新能源基地综合能源系统协同设计

Collaborative Design of Integrated Energy Systems for Large-Scale Renewable Energy Bases

摘要

针对大型新能源基地在风光资源波动、时序分布不均及外送约束条件下的新能源消纳、供能可靠性与运行经济性问题，开展电热氢氨综合能源系统协同设计与运行特性研究。首先，建立涵盖风光发电、火电、熔盐储热、电解制氢、合成氨及多类型储能的综合能源系统模型。提出基于连续时间窗口划分的典型场景生成方法，构建配置-调度协同的双层嵌套优化框架。采用基于边界审查机制的区域收缩求解算法，实现高维度、大尺寸空间下系统容量配置与多场景运行特性的协同优化。最后，对传统风光火储系统和电热氢氨综合能源系统开展优化与仿真对比分析。结果显示，引入氢氨子系统后，可再生能源占比提高7.28%，弃电率降低35.3%，燃煤成本与碳排放成本同步下降17.6%，单位能量净成本降低0.023元/（kW·h）。同时，系统年度运行特性受季节差异影响显著，冬季风电增强改善系统经济性，夏季光伏富集增大消纳压力。相比之下，电热氢氨系统通过多能转化与外送维持更优的消纳水平和运行经济性。敏感性分析表明，随着氢价上升，系统配置策略由规模扩张逐步转向效能优化，从而实现单位能量收益提升。

Abstract

To address the challenges of renewable energy accommodation, supply reliability, and operational economy in large-scale renewable energy bases under wind-solar resource fluctuations, uneven temporal distribution, and power export constraints, the coordinated design and operational characteristics of an electricity-heat-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system were investigated. An integrated system model covering wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, thermal power, molten-salt thermal storage, water electrolysis, ammonia synthesis, and multiple types of energy storage was established. A typical scenario generation method based on continuous time-window partitioning was developed, and a bi-level nested optimization framework integrating capacity configuration and dispatch was constructed. A boundary contraction inspection-based regional search algorithm was adopted to achieve the collaborative optimization of system capacity configuration and multi-scenario operational characteristics in a high-dimensional, large-scale solution space. Comparative optimization and simulation analyses were conducted for a conventional wind-solar-coal-storage system and the proposed system. The results show that introducing the hydrogen-ammonia subsystem increases the renewable energy share by 7.28%, reduces the curtailment rate by 35.3%, decreases coal consumption and carbon emission costs by 17.6%, and lowers the net unit energy cost by 0.023 yuan/(kW·h). Seasonal differences significantly affect system operation, with enhanced wind power in winter improving economic performance, while abundant solar power in summer intensifies accommodation pressure. In contrast, the electricity-heat-hydrogen-ammonia system achieves superior accommodation levels and operational economy through multi-energy conversion and power export. Sensitivity analysis further shows that rising hydrogen prices shift the configuration strategy from scale expansion toward efficiency optimization, thereby increasing unit energy revenue.

关键词

大型新能源基地 / 综合能源系统 / 协同设计 / 电解制氢 / 合成氨

Key words

large-scale renewable energy base / integrated energy system / coordinated design / electrolysis hydrogen production / ammonia synthesis

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFB4007400)