电力变压器绝缘垫块黏弹性本构模型构建及参数辨识

Construction and Parameter Identification of a Viscoelastic Constitutive Model for Power Transformer Insulation Spacers

摘要

针对动态载荷下电力变压器绝缘垫块黏弹性特性表征不足，进而导致绕组暂态振动位移难以精确计算的问题，通过循环压缩实验对其在不同频率载荷条件下的力学响应特性进行系统研究，揭示了该材料在加载初期应变快速累积、进入稳态阶段后力学性能逐渐趋于稳定的演化规律。基于实验结果构建计及垫块超弹性、黏弹性和时变黏性系数的凯尔-沃格特串联本构模型，采用自适应差分进化算法对本构模型参数进行有效辨识。研究结果表明：所构建的本构模型能够有效表征电力变压器短路冲击过程中绝缘垫块黏性应变快速累积后趋于饱和的特征，并可模拟短路结束后应变逐渐恢复的力学响应；基于本构模型辨识参数计算得到的应力-应变曲线与垫块实验数据高度一致，决定系数R²均高于0.980。该研究可为电力变压器抗短路能力设计和运行状态精确评估提供重要的理论依据与工程参考。

Abstract

To address the problem of insufficient characterization of the viscoelastic properties of power transformer insulation spacers under dynamic loading，which makes it difficult to accurately calculate the transient vibration displacement of windings，the mechanical response of the insulation spacers under cyclic compression loading at different frequencies was systematically investigated. The results reveal that strain accumulates rapidly during the initial loading phase，and the mechanical properties gradually stabilize after entering the steady-state stage. Based on the experimental results，a Kelvin-Voigt series constitutive model that accounts for hyperelasticity，viscoelasticity，and time-varying viscosity coefficients was established，and an adaptive differential evolution algorithm was subsequently employed to identify the model parameters. The results demonstrate that the proposed constitutive model can accurately capture the rapid accumulation and subsequent saturation of viscous strain in insulation spacers during power transformer short-circuit impacts，and can also simulate the gradual strain recovery after the short-circuit event. The stress-strain curves calculated using the identified constitutive parameters show excellent agreement with the experimental data for the insulation spacers，with coefficients of determination R² exceeding 0.98 in all cases. This study provides an important theoretical basis and engineering reference for the short-circuit withstand capability design of power transformers and the accurate assessment of their operating conditions.

关键词

本构模型 / 超弹性 / 黏弹性 / 自适应差分进化算法

Key words

constitutive model / hyperelasticity / viscoelasticity / adaptive differential evolution algorithm

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基金资助

国家电网公司科技资助项目(5108-202218280A-2-357-XG)