回转误差双目视觉同步测量方法

Binocular Vision-Based Synchronous Measurement Method for Rotational Errors

摘要

针对现有回转误差测量方法调试复杂、结果单一等问题，提出基于双目视觉的绝对坐标测量方法，实现了精密旋转轴系五自由度回转误差的精准同步测量。采用双目视觉系统，捕捉靶标随轴系运动的图像信息，通过亚像素级边缘检测、最小二乘中心拟合及三维坐标重建，精准获取靶标球心在世界坐标系中的绝对坐标轨迹；以靶标轴线平均线为参考，构建评价坐标系，提出面向绝对坐标轨迹的回转误差评价模型，实现了对精密旋转轴系回转误差的量化评估。研究结果表明：不同转速下，所提方法测得的各项回转误差均能与对比方法良好吻合，径向回转误差最大测量偏差为5.3μm，偏差百分比为18.5%；轴向回转误差最大测量偏差为1.5μm，偏差百分比为11.8%；倾斜回转误差最大测量偏差为0.0041°，偏差百分比为8.1%。各项测量偏差均在估算的测量不确定度范围内，这表明本文提出的双目视觉测量方法具有较高可靠性，该研究为旋转轴系几何精度特性监测提供了一种解决方案。

Abstract

To address the problems of complex adjustment and limited outcomes associated with existing rotational error measurement methods，an absolute coordinate measurement method based on binocular vision was proposed to enable accurate and synchronous measurement of the five-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) rotational errors of precision rotary axes. A binocular vision system was adopted to capture the images of the target as it moves with the rotary axis. The absolute coordinate trajectories of the target spherical centers in the world coordinate system were accurately obtained through sub-pixel edge detection，least-squares center fitting，and three-dimensional coordinate reconstruction. An evaluation coordinate system was constructed with reference to the average axis line of the target，and a rotational error evaluation model based on absolute coordinate trajectories was developed to quantify the rotational errors of the precision rotary axis. The results show that all rotational errors measured by the proposed method at different rotational speeds are in good agreement with those obtained by the comparison method：the maximum measurement deviation of radial rotational error is 5.3 μm，corresponding to a deviation percentage of 18.5%；the maximum measurement deviation of axial rotational error is 1.5 μm，corresponding to a deviation percentage of 11.8%；the maximum measurement deviation of tilt rotational error is 0.0041°，corresponding to a deviation percentage of 8.1%. All measurement deviations lie within the estimated range of measurement uncertainty，indicating that the proposed binocular vision measurement method exhibits high reliability. This research provides a solution for the geometric accuracy assessment of rotary axes.

关键词

双目视觉 / 绝对坐标轨迹 / 五自由度回转误差 / 回转误差评价模型 / 同步测量

Key words

binocular vision / absolute coordinate trajectory / five-degree-of-freedom rotational errors / rotational error evaluation model / synchronous measurement

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基金资助

国家自然科学联合基金资助项目(U24B2062)