旋转机械轴类间隙内风阻损失及流动特性研究

Windage Loss and Flow Characteristics in Shaft-Type Rotor-Stator Gaps of Rotating Machinery

摘要

为厘清宽间隙半径条件下轴类转静间隙内风阻损失和流动特性的影响机制，基于数值方法，系统分析了间隙半径比、转子半径、转子转速等关键参数对风阻损失系数的影响规律，揭示了间隙半径比在1.3范围内的流动机理，提出了最佳间隙半径比的预测方法，构建了宽间隙半径比范围的风阻损失系数模型。结果表明：间隙半径比对风阻损失系数的影响机制主要包括壁面剪切作用以及流体内部的耗散效应。当间隙半径比较小时，流体受到的剪切作用占主导；当间隙半径比较大时，流体内部的耗散效应为主要因素。随间隙半径比增加，风阻损失系数先减小后增大，存在使得风阻损失系数最小的最佳间隙半径比。随着转子半径增大，最佳间隙半径比逐渐减小，当转子半径由20 mm增大至60 mm时，最佳间隙半径比由0.425降低至0.167。基于数值模拟结果，分别提出了轴类转静间隙的最佳间隙半径比预测方法及宽间隙半径比范围的风阻损失系数模型，其最大预测偏差分别为5.58%和11.81%。研究结果为宽间隙半径比条件下轴类转静间隙内的风阻损失研究以及间隙结构优化提供了技术支撑。

Abstract

To clarify the mechanisms affecting windage loss and flow characteristics in shaft-type rotor-stator gaps over a wide range of gap-radius ratios,the effects of key parameters,including the gap-radius ratio,rotor radius,and rotor rotational speed,on the windage loss coefficient are systematically analyzed using numerical methods.The flow mechanism within a gap-radius ratio of 1.3 is revealed,a method for predicting the optimal gap-radius ratio is proposed,and a windage loss coefficient model covering a wide range of gap-radius ratios is developed.The results show that the effects of the gap-radius ratio on the windage loss coefficient mainly include wall shear and fluid dissipation.At small gap-radius ratios,the shear effect is dominant,whereas at large gap-radius ratios,fluid dissipation becomes the primary factor.As the gap-radius ratio increases,the windage loss coefficient first decreases and then increases,and an optimal gap-radius ratio that minimizes the windage loss coefficient exists.As the rotor radius increases,the optimal gap-radius ratio gradually decreases.When the rotor radius increases from 20 mm to 60 mm,the optimal gap-radius ratio decreases from 0.425 to 0.167.Based on the numerical simulation results,a method for predicting the optimal gap-radius ratio of shaft-type rotor-stator gaps and a windage loss coefficient model covering a wide range of gap-radius ratios are proposed,with maximum prediction deviations of 5.58% and 11.81%,respectively.The results provide technical support for windage loss studies and gap structure optimization in shaft-type rotor-stator gaps over a wide range of gap-radius ratios.

关键词

轴类转静间隙 / 风阻损失 / 流动特性 / 间隙半径比

Key words

shaft-type rotor-stator gap / windage loss / flow characteristics / gap-radius ratio

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFB4102203)

国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U20A20303)