采用动态载荷修正的汽轮发电机轴系动力学敏感性分析

Dynamic Sensitivity Analysis of Turbine-Generator Shaft Train Based on Dynamic Load Correction

摘要

针对汽轮发电机轴系多转子连接形式及复杂支承边界下的转子动态响应机理尚不明晰的问题，提出了一种动态载荷修正方法，并开展轴系不平衡响应计算，分析了轴承参数与联轴器附加质量参数耦合作用下的轴系动力学特性参数敏感性。构建了轴系响应与支承动态载荷之间的迭代求解流程，以此求解转子-轴承耦合作用下的转子动力学特性。以某工业汽轮发电机轴系为研究对象，开展轴系不平衡响应计算与分析。通过对比机组实际运行数据对所提方法进行了验证，结果表明：在保证计算效率的同时，该方法能够准确预测转子响应；二阶临界转速的计算结果与试验结果相对误差为0.39%，较传统方法降低了5.44%，验证了所提方法的有效性。研究结果表明，轴承载荷与间隙主要影响轴系一阶临界转速及系统稳定性，而联轴器质量对二阶临界转速与系统稳定性影响更为显著。该研究可为轴系动力学分析与优化提供一种有效的计算模型与分析手段。

Abstract

To address the complex coupling of dynamic loads in turbine-generator shaft trains under multi-rotor and support boundary conditions,a dynamic load correction method for turbine-generator shaft trains is proposed.An iterative solution procedure between the shaft-system response and the dynamic support loads is established,in which continuously varying loads are decomposed into multiple steady-state iterative processes to approximate a time-domain solution.An industrial turbine-generator shaft train is taken as the research object,and unbalance response calculations and analyses are performed.The sensitivity of the shaft-system dynamic characteristics under the coupled effects of bearing parameters and additional coupling mass is also investigated.The proposed method is validated by comparison with actual operating data of the unit.The results show that the rotor response can be accurately predicted while computational efficiency is maintained,and the relative error between the calculated and experimental values of the second critical speed is only 0.39%,and the error is reduced by 5.44% compared with the traditional method,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.It is shown by the sensitivity analysis of the coupling and bearing parameters that bearing load and clearance mainly affect the first critical speed and stability of the shaft train,whereas coupling mass has a more significant influence on the second critical speed and stability.An effective computational model and method for shaft-train dynamic analysis and optimization are provided by this study.

关键词

汽轮发电机轴系 / 动态载荷修正 / 参数敏感性 / 系统稳定性 / 联轴器质量

Key words

turbine-generator shaft train / dynamic load correction / parameter sensitivity / system stability / coupling mass

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372058)