直接空冷岛侧部百叶窗防冻性能与适用性研究

Anti-Freezing Performance and Applicability of Side Louvers for a Direct Air-Cooling Island

摘要

为了解决直接空冷岛在冬季低温、低负荷条件下易发生管束冻结和换热不均等问题，增强直接空冷岛在严寒环境下的运行可靠性，提出一种安装于空冷岛侧部换热管束平面的可调式百叶窗结构，通过调节叶片开度主动控制进入管束的空气流量，以适应不同季节与工况的散热需求。基于空冷岛整体几何模型与局部单个空冷单元模型，使用Fluent软件对百叶窗在不同开启角度下的流动与换热性能进行数值模拟，系统研究百叶窗调节对冬季防冻效果以及对常规工况下换热能力的影响。结果表明：在-20 ℃、20 m/s环境风的极端冬季工况下，关闭百叶窗可使直接空冷岛换热量减少83.6 %，有效降低管束外表面对流换热强度，显著抑制冻结风险，使空冷岛在严寒环境下保持更安全的运行状态；在29 ℃、4 m/s环境风的常规工况下，调整百叶窗叶片角度为60°，可使得空冷单元换热量损失仅为1.8 %，对系统正常散热性能影响极小。该百叶窗结构便于运行调控、适用性强，能够为寒冷地区直接空冷岛的冬季防冻运行提供一种灵活有效的技术方案。

Abstract

To address tube-bundle freezing and uneven heat transfer in a direct air-cooling island under low-temperature and low-load winter conditions and to improve its operational reliability in extremely cold environments,an adjustable louver structure installed at the plane of the side heat-transfer tube bundles of the air-cooling island is proposed.The airflow entering the tube bundles is actively controlled by adjusting the blade opening angle to meet heat dissipation requirements in different seasons and under different operating conditions.Based on an overall geometric model of the air-cooling island and a local model of a single air-cooled unit,numerical simulations are performed using Fluent to analyze the flow and heat-transfer performance of the louvers at different opening angles.The effects of louver regulation on winter anti-freezing performance and heat-transfer capacity under conventional operating conditions are systematically investigated.The results show that,under an extreme winter condition with an ambient temperature of -20 ℃ and a wind speed of 20 m/s,the heat-transfer rate of the direct air-cooling island is reduced by 83.6% when the louvers are closed.The convective heat-transfer intensity on the outer surfaces of the tube bundles is effectively reduced,the risk of freezing is significantly suppressed,and safer operation of the air-cooling island in extremely cold environments is achieved.Under a conventional condition with an ambient temperature of 29 ℃ and a wind speed of 4 m/s,the heat-transfer loss of a single air-cooled unit is limited to only 1.8% when the louver blade angle is adjusted to 60°,with minimal influence on the normal heat-dissipation performance of the system.The proposed louver structure is convenient for operational regulation and highly applicable,providing a flexible and effective technical solution for winter anti-freezing operation of direct air-cooling islands in cold regions.

关键词

直接空冷岛 / 百叶窗 / 防冻 / 数值模拟

Key words

direct air-cooling island / louver / anti-freezing / numerical simulation

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFB4105000)