内置生物载体的复合型装置的流态传质特征及强化水中抗生素去除效能

Characteristics of Fluid Mass Transfer and Enhancing Removal of Antibiotics in Water by Hybrid Device With Built-in Bio-carrier

摘要

构建了一种内置不锈钢网-碳布生物载体的复合型反应装置,采用计算流体力学模拟与水力停留时间分布示踪实验相结合的方法,解析装置内部流态特征并优化装置设计和运行参数。结果表明,在进水口距离底部6 cm时,装置具有最优的流态特征,实际水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)延长34.6%~39.0%,生物载体区流速加快22%,死区宽度减小,流线延长,出现局部湍流特征,传质过程被强化,污泥区膨胀性能较好。利用该装置在优化的运行条件下处理含抗生素类废水,以磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)作为特征污染物,结果表明,在HRT=8 h、ρ(SMX)=10 mg/L、进水有机共基质质量浓度800 mg/L条件下,出水SMX和COD的最优去除率分别达到(78.2±3.1)%和(74.9±2.2)%,比未嵌入生物载体的对照组装置分别提高了8.1%和8.4%。生物膜分析结果表明,在SMX降解过程中起到关键作用的是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota),相对丰度为24%;其中,主要功能菌属包括Tolumonas和Caldisericum,在生物载体生物膜中的相对丰度分别达到4.6%和1.8%,Tolumonas可以通过共代谢过程去除水中的SMX,Caldisericum具有降解SMX氮杂环的功能。

Abstract

In this study, a hybrid device with built-in stainless steel-carbon bio-carriers was constructed, the hydrodynamic characteristics and transfer mass characteristics were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and hydraulic residence time distribution (RTD) experiments. Results of hydrodynamic characteristics show that the sludge volume fraction remains at 50%-60% under the condition of the inlet distance of 6 cm from the bottom. When the bio-carrier is added, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the hybrid device is extended by 34.6%-39.0%, the flow rate in the bio-carrier area is accelerated by 22%, the extent of the dead zone decreases, the streamline lengthens, the local turbulence appears, the mass transfer process is enhanced, and the expansion capacity of the sludge zone is better. The device was used to treat wastewater containing antibiotics under optimized operating conditions, with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the characteristic pollutant. Results show that under the condition of HRT=8 h, ρ(SMX)=10 mg/L and influent organic co-substrate concentration of 800 mg/L, the optimal removal rate of SMX and COD in effluent is (78.2±3.1)% and (74.9±2.2)%, respectively, which is 8.1% and 8.4% higher than those in the control group without bio-carrier. The results of biofilm analysis show that the phylum of Bacteroidota plays a key role in the degradation of SMX, and the relative abundance is 24%. As the main functional bacteria, the relative abundance of Tolumonas and Caldisericum in biofilm is 4.6% and 1.8%, respectively. Tolumonas can remove SMX from water through co-metabolic process, Caldisericum has the function of degrading SMX nitrogen heterocycles.

关键词

计算流体力学模拟(computational fluid dynamics,CFD) / 流态 / 传质 / 生物载体 / 磺胺甲恶唑 / 生物膜

Key words

computational fluid dynamics (CFD) / fluidization / mass transfer / bio-carrier / sulfamethoxazole / microbial biofilm

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC3200603)