高速公路收费站延误模型

Delay Model of Highway Toll Plaza

摘要

为进行收费站改造效果评价和交通运行分析,以高速公路匝道收费站为研究对象,对收费站交通运行特性和车辆延误进行了分析,在此基础上给出了收费站车辆延误定义。基于实测数据,应用VISSIM仿真分析方法对收费站车辆延误进行了研究;应用仿真数据,分别建立了电子不停车收费(electronic toll collection,ETC)和人工收费(manual toll collection,MTC)/ETC车道的车均延误计算模型,与美国《道路通行能力手册》信号交叉口车辆延误计算方法进行了对比,并给出了收费站总体车均延误的计算方法。结果表明,ETC车道车均延误与车道负荷度X为指数关系;当MTC/ETC车道中通过的车辆全部为MTC车辆时,车道车均延误计算方法可借鉴信号交叉口延误分析方法,其修正参数K与车道负荷度为非线性关系;当MTC/ETC车道中既有MTC车辆又有ETC车辆时,车道车均延误与ETC车辆混入比、负荷度有关;当车道负荷度X≤0.95时,车均延误与负荷度为指数关系,当车道负荷度X>0.95时,车均延误与负荷度呈线性关系。

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of toll plaza renovation and analyze the traffic operation, the traffic operation characteristics and vehicle delays of the toll plaza were analyzed by taking the highway ramp toll plaza as the research object. Based on this analysis, a definition of vehicle delay at toll plazas was proposed. Utilizing the measured data, the VISSIM simulation and analysis method was applied to study vehicle delay at toll plazas. Using the simulation data, this paper developed models to estimate average delay for electronic toll collection (ETC) lanes and manual toll collection (MTC)/ETC lanes respectively, and compared these models with the calculation method for vehicle delays at signalized intersections in the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual. In addition, a method for calculating the overall delay of vehicles at toll plazas was given. Results show that for ETC lanes, the average delay has an exponential relationship with the volume-to-capacity ratio. When all vehicles passing through the MTC/ETC lanes are MTC vehicles, the calculation method for the average delay can refer to the analysis method for the delay in signalized intersections, with the correction parameter K having a nonlinear relationship with the volume-to-capacity ratio. When both MTC and ETC vehicles are in MTC/ETC lanes, the average delay is related to the mixing ratio of ETC vehicles and the volume-to-capacity ratio. When the volume-to-capacity ratio is less than 0.95, the average delay has an exponential relationship with the volume-to-capacity ratio, and when the volume-to-capacity ratio is more than 0.95, the average delay has a linear relationship with the volume-to-capacity ratio.

关键词

交通工程 / 高速公路收费站 / 延误模型 / VISSIM仿真 / 负荷度 / 交通特性

Key words

traffic engineering / highway toll plaza / delay model / VISSIM simulation / volume-to-capacity / traffic characteristics

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基金资助

国家“973”计划资助项目(2012CB723303)