钢轨波磨和轨缝下重载货车轮轨垂向力响应分析

Analysis of the Vertical Wheel-Rail Force Response of Heavy-haul Freight Vehicles of Rail Corrugation and Rail Joint Irregularity

摘要

随着我国重载铁路的发展,钢轨波磨和轨缝不平顺问题也日渐突出,该问题会引起轮轨之间的剧烈冲击和结构损伤。该文建立了重载货车车辆-轨道刚柔耦合动力学模型,模型中同时考虑了车轮和钢轨的弹性。分别引入钢轨波磨与轨缝2种最常见的轨道损伤,探究了钢轨波磨和轨缝对轮轨垂向力的影响,并分析了扣件刚度与一系悬挂刚度对钢轨波磨和轨缝引发振动的影响。结果表明,轨道不平顺深度的增加会直接增大轮轨垂向波动,当波磨所引起的轮轨力频率与轮轨模态一致时会引发共振,车辆在通过轨缝时的轮轨力变化受到不平顺几何梯度的影响,其主要频率变化较小。一定范围内,增大轨下刚度可以抑制钢轨振动,当扣件刚度从50 MN/m增加到300 MN/m时波磨下钢轨垂向位移从0.928 mm减小到0.290 mm。随着一系悬挂刚度增大,轮轨系统与轨下系统受到的影响减小,扣件刚度和一系悬挂的选取需要考虑整个系统的振动特性。研究结果可以为重载铁路的设计和运维提供相关指导。

Abstract

With the development of heavy-haul railways in China, the problem of rail corrugation and rail joint irregularity is becoming increasingly prominent, which can cause severe impacts between the wheel and rail and affect the vehicle track substructure system. Therefore, this paper established a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model of heavy-haul freight vehicles and tracks, and the elasticity of both wheels and rails was considered in the model. The two most common track damages: rail corrugation and rail joint were introduced. The dynamic effect of track damage on heavy-haul freight vehicles was investigated, and the influence of system parameters on track damage by changing the stiffness of the fasteners and the primary suspension system was explored. Results show that the increase of the track irregularity depth will directly increase the vertical fluctuation of the wheel and rail, the resonance will be triggered when the frequency of the wheel-rail force caused by corrugation is consistent with the wheel-rail mode, the change of the wheel-rail force when the vehicle passes through the rail joint is affected by the irregularity geometric gradient, and its main frequency change is small. Increasing the fastener stiffness can simultaneously reduce the impact and suppress rail vibration. When the fastener stiffness increases from 50 MN/m to 300 MN/m, the vertical displacement of the rail under corrugation decreases from 0.928 mm to 0.29 mm. As the stiffness of the primary suspension increases, the wheel-rail system and the track subsystem are less affected. The selection of fastener stiffness and primary suspension needs to consider the vibration characteristics of the entire system. The research results can provide guidance for the design and operation and maintenance of heavy-haul railways.

关键词

重载货车 / 车辆-轨道耦合模型 / 钢轨波磨和轨缝 / 轮轨垂向力 / 扣件刚度 / 悬挂刚度

Key words

heavy-haul freight train / vehicle-track coupled model / rail corrugation and rail joint irregularity / wheel-rail vertical force / fastener stiffness / suspension stiffness

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52302467)

轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(HJGZ2022114)

重庆交通大学研究生科创项目(2024S0081)