基于全子集回归的官厅水库 WQI min 构建与应用
王军红 , 金桂琴 , 杨丹妮 , 白璇 , 孙文杰
北京师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3) : 402 -416.
基于全子集回归的官厅水库 WQI min 构建与应用
WQI min for Guanting Reservoir based on full subset regression
针对官厅水库水质监测指标繁多、评价成本高昂及入库河流与库区水质异质性显著等问题,本研究基于2018-2022年逐月监测数据,构建了“分区差异化建模-协同对比分析”的入库河流-库区水环境协同评价体系,采用全子集回归方法分别构建了适用于库区和入库河流的最简水质指数(WQImin)评价模型,系统揭示了水质的时空演变规律及驱动机制. 结果表明:库区 WQImin 模型包含氟、化学需氧量、氨氮、五日生化需氧量和总氮 5 项指标,调整 R2 达 0.803;入库河流模型包含电导率、氨氮、溶解氧、五日生化需氧量和总氮 5 项指标,调整 R2 达 0.841. 多重共线性诊断与 Bland-Altman 一致性分析显示,WQImin 与传统 WQI 具有良好的一致性(一致性比例>92%),模型统计结构稳健,但 WQImin 对水质变化响应更为敏感,可在保证评价精度的同时,将监测指标数量减少 58%;2018-2022 年库区水质整体呈逐年改善趋势,年均 WQImin 处于中等至良好水平,春季(3 月)水质最好,秋季(9 月)相对较差;入库河流水质整体处于中等水平,汛期稀释效应可改善水质,但下花园桥(洋河)断面水质稳定性较差,汛期面源污染输入导致水质恶化风险较高;库区 WQImin 显著高于入库河流,表明水库对氮素等污染物具有一定的自净和稀释作用. 本研究构建的协同评价体系和 WQImin 模型可为官厅水库及类似北方半湿润区大型水库的水质高效监测与精准管理提供方法支撑.
To address issues of excessive monitoring indicators, high evaluation costs, and significant water quality heterogeneity between inflow-rivers and reservoir zones in Guanting Reservoir, in this study a cooperative water environment evaluation system for inflow-rivers and reservoir zones was established via “zoning differentiated modeling and cooperative comparative analysis”. Water Quality Index-minimum (WQI min) evaluation models adapted to the reservoir zone and inflow-rivers were developed using full subset regression approach based on monthly monitoring data from 2018 to 2022, to systematically reveal temporal and spatial evolution patterns of water quality and their driving mechanisms. Optimal model for the reservoir zone included five variables (fluoride, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, and total nitrogen) with an adjusted R 2 of 0.803. The inflow-rivers model incorporating five parameters (electrical conductivity, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, and total nitrogen) achieved an adjusted R 2 of 0.841. Multicollinearity diagnosis and Bland-Altman consistency analysis demonstrated good agreement between WQI min and conventional WQI (consistency ratio >92%) with robust statistical structure, with WQI min being more sensitive to water quality variations. The developed models could reduce monitoring indicators by 58% while maintaining evaluation accuracy. From 2018 to 2022, the reservoir-zone water-quality showed an overall improvement trend annually, with mean WQI min ranging from moderate to good levels. Water quality peaked in spring (March) and reached the lowest in autumn (September). Inflow-rivers maintained moderate water-quality levels, where flood season dilution effects improved water quality. The Xiahuayuanqiao (Yanghe River) section exhibited poor stability with higher risks of water-quality degradation during flood seasons due to non-point source pollution. WQI min in the reservoir zone was significantly higher than in inflow-rivers, indicating the reservoir’s self-purification and dilution capacity for nitrogen pollutants. The cooperative evaluation system and WQI min models constructed in this study can provide methodological support for efficient water-quality monitoring and precise management of Guanting Reservoir or similar large-reservoirs in semi-humid regions of northern China.
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北京市科技计划资助项目(Z221100005222014)
北京市财政资助项目(11000023T000002092475)
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