热处理对电子束熔化成型Ti6Al4V合金组织及拉伸性能的影响研究
方欣 , 荣鹏 , 王凝瑞 , 陈勇 , 黄丹 , 马振宇 , 陈龙庆 , 殷鸣
四川大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (02) : 424 -431.
热处理对电子束熔化成型Ti6Al4V合金组织及拉伸性能的影响研究
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure evolution and tensile properties of electron beam melted Ti6Al4V alloy
钛合金因高比强度与耐腐蚀性成为航空航天核心材料,但其强塑性矛盾需通过后处理工艺优化协同调控。本工作系统研究了电子束熔化(EBM)技术成型的Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金试样经800~950 ℃热处理后的组织与性能关联性,结合金相、拉伸测试及断口分析发现:随温度升高, α相晶粒粗化(Hall-Petch效应主导),β相片层增宽,导致抗拉强度与屈服强度小幅度降低,而断后伸长率提升11.4%;断口孔隙密度随热处理温度上升而显著降低,表明高温热处理通过缺陷闭合与界面协调性优化促进塑性提升。该研究为EBM成型钛合金的热处理工艺参数设计提供了晶粒尺寸-性能关联的理论依据,对增材制造-热处理协同调控强塑性平衡具有指导意义。
Titanium alloys have become critical structural materials in aerospace, marine engineering, and medical applications due to their exceptional high strength, low density, and outstanding corrosion resistance under extreme environments.Conventional manufacturing techniques (e.g., forging, machining) exhibit significant limitations in fabricating geometrically complex structures while concurrently resulting in substantial material wastage.In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained extensive application in titanium alloy component fabrication owing to its capacity for integrated structural forming and superior material utilization efficiency. However, the intrinsic strength-ductility trade-off of additively manufactured titanium alloys necessitates systematic post-processing optimization.This study systematically elucidates the correlation between microstructures and tensile properties of Electron Beam Melted (EBM) Ti6Al4V alloy subjected to heat treatments within the 800~950 °C temperature range.Metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses reveal that EBM specimens heat-treated at 800 °C exhibit a characteristic α+β lamellar structure, with α-phase lath widths measuring 1.26 μm.The heat treatment process induces progressive coarsening of α-phase (increasing from 1.26 μm at 800 °C to 3.64 μm at 950 °C), accompanied by thickening of β-phase lamellar structures.This microstructural evolution dominated by the Hall-Petch mechanism leads to gradual degradation of mechanical strength parameters.Mechanical testing demonstrates that the ultimate tensile strength decreases from 879 MPa at 800 °C to 843.3 MPa at 950 °C, while the yield strength declines from 785.6 MPa to 741.3 MPa over the same temperature range.Conversely, the elongation at fracture increases by approximately 11.4% (from 15.7% to 17.5%) with elevated heat treatment temperatures.SEM fractography confirms significant reduction in pore density with increasing thermal exposure, indicating that the improved pore morphology serves as the predominant factor governing ductility enhancement.By integrating Hall-Petch relationships, this work investigates the interdependent mechanisms among heat treatment temperature, α-phase grain size, pore characteristics, and mechanical performance metrics.Specifically, the temperature-dependent α-phase coarsening process provides a viable pathway for balancing strength and ductility through controlled microstructural optimization.Furthermore, the inverse correlation between heat treatment temperature and pore density offers crucial guidance for defect mitigation strategies in additively manufactured components.The research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing post-processing parameters of TC4 alloys, demonstrating that coordinated regulation of AM-induced defects and phase transformation behaviors enables customized mechanical property configurations.These findings hold substantial engineering significance for microstructural engineering of EBM-processed titanium components.The established process-structure-property relationship framework effectively bridges the gap between microstructural design requirements in aerospace engineering and the technological constraints of industrial applications.
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“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4602304)
四川省重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0034)
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