In the field of high-end equipment manufacturing, laser tracker transfer station measurement is one of the fundamental methods for measuring large-sized structures. When conducting station transfer measurements, the laser tracker needs to perform multiple station transfers. The configuration of common observation points (ERS points) in the measurement field and the station transfer measurement error are the two main factors affecting the overall measurement accuracy. In practical applications, how to reasonably determine the ERS point configuration scheme and control the transfer station measurement error are two important issues. Based on the error transfer model of transfer station measurement and the ERS point configuration method, this paper studies a high-precision laser tracking transfer station measurement for the complex structure of large-sized aircraft. This paper takes the sensitivity coefficient as the evaluation index to simulate and analyze the influence of ERS configuration on measurement errors. In order to determine the control range of the transfer station measurement error, this paper conducts Monte Carlo simulation on the complete transfer station process. The results show that the average translation error and rotation error are 1.05% and 1.08% respectively, and the average transfer station error is 0.28%. The results of this paper provide an important case for high-precision measurement of large-sized and complex structures.This paper also analyzes the optimization of ERS point configuration in the measurement field and adopts the sensitivity coefficient as the evaluation index for the influence of ERS point configuration methods on the uncertainty of transfer station parameter errors. Based on the uncertainty ellipsoid model, this paper simulates the configuration of ERS points in a large-scale measurement field, analyzes the influence of the number of ERS points and different layouts on the transfer station error, in order to provide a reference for the configuration of ERS points during the actual measurement process.
转站测量需要建立测量场并合理配置公共观测点。公共观测点配置和单次转站测量误差(简称转站误差)是影响总测量精度的两个主要因素。实际测量往往使用间接测量,即利用一组固定的增强参考系统点(Enhanced Reference System points, ERS点)测量3个或更多互不共线、互不共面的增强参考系统点的坐标[4],然后通过奇异值分解法(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)[5-6],四元数法及正交矩阵法等刚性匹配算法计算测量设备坐标系与基准坐标系间的转换关系。在测量过程中,如何根据工况条件合理配置ERS点、控制转站误差,达到预设测量精度是两个难点。其中,对于转站误差控制,文献[7]通过引入模式搜索策略,优化了大尺寸测量中的坐标转站流程,显著提升了转站过程的可靠性。文献[8]提出的刚体运动学算法,有效剔除了超差公共点,为坐标系转换提供了理论支撑。文献[9]提出了一种带工程几何约束的加权点匹配算法,当测量点数量增加时仍能保持较高运算速度,并补偿温度的影响、减小转站误差。文献[10]提出一种基于Procrustes分析法的EIV-EOPA模型的Procrustes加权整体最小二乘法,提高了飞机大尺寸部件装配的精度和计算效率。文献[11]分析了不确定度对转站参数和转站误差的影响。值得注意的是,上述方法主要针对特定测量系统,没有考虑ERS点配置对总测量精度的影响。在ERS点配置评价方面,文献[12]采用4种不同配置方式定性研究了ERS点布局形态和数量对测量值的影响,但没有分析转站误差对总测量误差的影响。
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