This paper presents a numerical method for computing the ground states of the three‑dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) that includes the Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction.The LHY term in the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional is of the form and accounts for quantum fluctuations in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs).First, the continuous projected gradient flow is discretized with a Lagrange multiplier by using a Fourier pseudo-spectral method in space and a backward Euler scheme in time, obtaining a linearly implicit backward Euler scheme (PGF-BESP).The key idea is to implicitly determine the Lagrange multiplier through an orthogonal condition, thereby guaranteeing mass conservation (the normalization constraint) and providing an explicit expression for the Lagrange multiplier directly from the orthogonal condition.This preserves the two fundamental properties of the continuous normalized gradient flow with a Lagrange multiplier: Mass conservation and energy dissipation.Next, we carry out a rigorous theoretical analysis of the scheme and prove that the discrete energy is monotonically non-increasing under a suitable condition on the time step size.We then perform numerical experiments to verify the theoretical results, and the results show that mass is indeed conserved and the energy decays monotonically.Finally, we use the proposed method to compute ground state configurations for different potential terms and different interaction parameters.We find that as the interaction parameter increases, the overall size of the ground state density distribution also increases, and under the optical lattice potential, multi-layer structures are observed.In summary, both theoretical and numerical results show that the proposed PGF-BESP method provides a stable, efficient and easy to implement numerical tool for ground state computations of GPE with LHY correction.
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