柔直孤岛供电系统并网侧和应涌流诱发孤岛侧电压扰动机理及抗扰控制方法

Island-Side Voltage Disturbance Induced by Grid-Side Sympathetic Inrush Current in Flexible DC Islanding Power Supply Systems: Disturbance Mechanism and Anti-Disturbance Control Method

摘要

针对精密制造工业园区、数据中心等大容量敏感性负荷,采用中压柔直配电技术可提供高品质供电服务．在柔直孤岛供电系统中,并网侧换流变压器发生和应涌流后诱发暂态扰动,可能引起孤岛侧换流变压器饱和以及母线电压畸变,对敏感性负荷高品质供电造成严重影响．针对以上问题,首先对并网侧换流变压器和应涌流引起换流器直流侧电压电流扰动的机理进行了深入分析,推导了和应涌流直流分量与换流器直流侧基频扰动的关系；随后探讨了直流侧扰动对孤岛侧换流器产生的影响,并阐述了孤岛侧换流变压器饱和以及母线电压畸变的原因．在此基础上,提出了一种孤岛侧母线电压抗扰控制方法．该方法在孤岛侧换流器电压外环和电流内环中增加基频谐振控制器,以抑制孤岛侧换流器交流输出电压中的直流分量,从而防止孤岛侧换流变饱和以及母线电压谐波畸变．所提出的抗扰控制方法无需额外增加硬件设备,具有易于实现、经济性好的优点．最后,利用 MATLAB/Simulink 仿真软件搭建35 kV/20 MV·A 双端柔直孤岛供电系统,对理论分析的正确性和所提抗扰控制方法的有效性进行了验证,仿真结果与理论分析结果的吻合度较好．两种工况下的仿真对比结果表明,采用所提抗扰控制方法可有效抑制孤岛侧换流变压器发生饱和,母线电压总谐波畸变率可降至1%以下．

Abstract

Medium-voltage flexible DC power distribution technology can provide high-quality power supply services for large-capacity sensitive loads, such as those in precision manufacturing industrial parks and data centers. In flexible DC islanding power supply systems, sympathetic inrush current can trigger transient disturbances and cause the saturation of island-side transformers and remarkable harmonic distortion in bus voltages once it occurs in grid-side transformers. These phenomena have a serious impact on sensitive loads that require a high-quality power supply. The mechanism of how sympathetic inrush current in grid-side transformers induces DC-side voltage and current disturbances is analyzed in depth, and the relationship between the DC component of sympathetic inrush current and the DC-side fundamental frequency disturbance of converters is derived to address the above problem. Subsequently, the influence of DC-side disturbances on island-side converters is discussed, and the reasons for island-side transformer saturation and bus voltage distortion are also expounded. On the basis of this discussion, an anti-disturbance control method for island-side bus voltages is proposed. The proposed method adopts fundamental frequency resonant controllers in the voltage outer loops and current inner loops of island-side converters. In this way, the DC component of the AC-side output voltages of island-side converters can be restrained, and the saturation of transformers and harmonic distortion of bus voltages can thus be prevented. The proposed anti-disturbance control method does not require additional hardware equipment and has the advantages of easy implementation and low cost. Finally, a 35kV/20MV·A two-terminal flexible DC island power supply system is built by using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed anti-disturbance control method are verified. The comparison between simulation results under two different conditions demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively suppress island-side transformer saturation and reduce the total harmonic distortion of bus voltages to less than 1%.

关键词

柔性直流配电 / 孤岛供电 / 模块化多电平换流器 / 和应涌流 / 抗扰控制

Key words

flexible DC distribution / islanding power supply / modular multilevel converter(MMC) / sympathetic inrush current / anti-disturbance control

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52207219)

天津市自然科学基金多元投入重点资助项目(22JCZDJC00790)

中国博士后“澳门青年学者计划”资助项目(AM2023027)