频域掩蔽效应对坐姿人体振动舒适性影响的主观评价研究

Impact of Frequency-Domain Masking Effect on Seated Human Vibration Comfort: A Subjective Evaluation

摘要

人体对环境振动的主观感知会因为另一振动激励的出现而改变,称为振动掩蔽效应．掌握掩蔽效应对人体振动感知的影响规律对于优化环境振动、调控振动感知和提升人因工效有重要的理论意义．本文开展了人体振动主观评价实验,研究坐姿人体对垂向振动感知的频域掩蔽效应,提出了新评价指标——掩蔽效率及其计算方法,揭示掩蔽振动与目标振动间的幅值比、频率差等变量对掩蔽效应的影响规律．结果表明：在幅值比不变的条件下,当掩蔽振动的不舒适程度低于目标振动时,掩蔽效率随频率差的增加而升高,人体对目标振动的不舒适感知逐渐降低；而在固定频率差条件下,存在最大化掩蔽效率的最优幅值比,随着目标信号幅值的增加呈现递增趋势,且该参数处的掩蔽效率随幅值增加呈现递减趋势,表明人体对振动的感知存在非线性．

Abstract

Human body’s subjective perception of environmental vibrations can be altered by introducing another vibrational stimulus—the vibration masking effect. Understanding the impacts of the masking effects on human vibration perception is theoretically relevant for optimizing environmental vibrations, regulating vibration perception, and enhancing human-factor ergonomics. A subjective evaluation experiment on human vibration perception was conducted, investigating the frequency-domain masking effect of vertical vibration on seated human subjects. A novel evaluation metric—the masking beneficial index(MBI)—and its calculation method were proposed, revealing the influence laws of key variables, such as the amplitude ratio between the masking vibration and the target vibration and their frequency difference, on the masking effect. Results reveal that under constant amplitude ratios, masking efficiency increases with the frequency difference when masking vibrations induce lower discomfort than target vibrations, thereby correlating with reduced discomfort perception of target vibrations. Under fixed frequency differences, an optimal amplitude ratio maximizing masking efficiency is observed, which increases with the target signal amplitude, whereas the efficiency at this ratio decreases with the increasing amplitude, demonstrating nonlinearity in human vibration perception.

关键词

全身振动 / 振动舒适性 / 频域掩蔽 / 主观评价 / 人体振动感知

Key words

whole-body vibration / vibration comfort / frequency-domain masking / subjective evaluation / human vibration perception

参考文献

[1] 刘玄, 陈立锋, 许芃芃. 车载部件振动特性研究[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2022, 60(12): 51-55.

[2] Liu Xuan, Chen Lifeng, Xu Pengpeng. Study on vibration characteristics of vehicle components[J]. Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering, 2022, 60(12): 51-55(in Chinese).

[3] 兀光波, 徐小青, 考希宾, 等. 装甲车辆舱室振动环境现状及其对乘员作业工效的影响[J]. 人类工效学, 2015, 21(1): 84-86.

[4] Wu Guangbo, Xu Xiaoqing, Kao Xibin, et al. Current status of vibration environment in armored vehicle compartments and its impact on crew operation efficiency[J]. Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2015, 21(1): 84-86(in Chinese).

[5] Lin J W, Li M, Lin Z F, et al. Equivalent magnitude—dependent discomfort under vertical vibration up to 100 Hz[J]. Ergonomics, 2023, 66(10): 1415-1423.

[6] Gao K Z, Zhang Z F, Luo Q, et al. Evaluation of subjective discomfort of the seated human body exposed to vertical vibration using dynamic body pressure[J]. Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control, 2023, 42(1): 438-451.

[7] Liu X, Chen L F, Xu P P. Study on vibration characteristics of vehicle components[J]. Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering, 2022, 60(12): 51-55.

[8] Duarte M L M, de Araújo P A, Horta F C, et al. Correlation between weighted acceleration, vibration dose value and exposure time on whole body vibration comfort levels evaluation[J]. Safety Science, 2018, 103: 218-224.

[9] Breitmeyer B G. Visual Masking: An Integrative Approach[M]. Oxford: University Press, 1985.

[10] Di Lollo V, Enns J T, Rensink R A. Competition for consciousness among visual events: The psychophysics of reentrant visual processes[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2000, 129(4): 481-507.

[11] Li Z P. A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2019, 58: 1-10.

[12] Gaskell H, Henning G B. Forward and backward masking with brief impulsive stimuli[J]. Hearing Research, 1999, 129(1): 92-100.

[13] Zhou Z, Griffin M J. Response of the seated human body to whole—body vertical vibration: Discomfort caused by sinusoidal vibration[J]. Ergonomics, 2014, 57(5): 714-732.

[14] 谢志文. 心理声学掩蔽效应的研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2005.

[15] Xie Zhiwen. Research on Mask Effect of Psychoacoustics[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2005(in Chinese).

[16] Griffin M J, Whitham E M, Parsons K C. Vibration and comfort I. Translational seat vibration[J]. Ergonomics, 1982, 25(7): 603-630.

[17] Gescheider G A, O’Malley M J, Verrillo R T. Vibrotactile forward masking: Evidence for channel independence[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1983, 74(2): 474-485.

[18] Morioka M, Griffin M J. Masking of thresholds for the perception of fore—and—aft vibration of seat backrests[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2015, 50: 200-206.

[19] Basri B, Griffin M J. Equivalent comfort contours for vertical seat vibration: Effect of vibration magnitude and backrest inclination[J]. Ergonomics, 2012, 55(8): 909-922.

[20] 林杰威, 李蒙, 郭智, 等. 垂向振动下坐姿人体局部频率敏感特性研究[J]. 天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版), 2024, 57(5): 482-488.

[21] Lin Jiewei, Li Meng, Guo Zhi, et al. Research on local frequency—dependence of seated human body under vertical vibration[J]. Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology), 2024, 57(5): 482-488(in Chinese).

[22] Mccarney R, Warner J, Iliffe S, et al. The Hawthorne effect: A randomised, controlled trial[J]. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2007, 7(1): 30.

[23] Zhou Z, Griffin M J. Response of the seated human body to whole—body vertical vibration: Discomfort caused by sinusoidal vibration[J]. Ergonomics, 2014, 57(5): 714-732.

[24] 郭智, 林杰威, 杨晰予, 等. 时域掩蔽效应对人体振动不舒适感的影响研究[C]//第一届全国人因振动工程理论及技术应用学术会议. 杭州, 中国, 2023: 1—8.

[25] Guo Zhi, Lin Jiewei, Yang Xiyu, et al. Research on the effect of temporal masking on human vibration discomfort[C]//1st National Conference on Human Factors in Vibration Engineering Theory and Technical Applications. Hangzhou, China, 2023: 1—8(in Chinese).

[26] 曾祥丽, 刘维荣, 龚树生, 等. 正常人中枢掩蔽测试结果分析[J]. 临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志, 2001, 15(11): 507-509.

[27] Zeng Xiangli, Liu Weirong, Gong Shusheng, et al. An analysis of the results of central masking effect on healthy ears[J]. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, 2001, 15(11): 507-509(in Chinese).

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52475119)