振动载荷对岩石冲击破裂特征与粒度分布影响的试验研究

Experimental Study on the Influence of Vibration Loading on Rock Impact Fracture Characteristics and Particle Size Distribution

摘要

外部加载方式对岩石的力学性质及破裂行为具有显著的影响,在不同的加载方式下,岩石的破裂特征与粒度分布往往呈现出显著的差异性．然而,现有的研究主要以单一加载方式为主,对于复合加载下岩石的破裂特征以及不同加载方式之间相互作用的研究相对较少．针对上述问题,本研究以准脆性物料青砂岩为研究对象,采用PAN-E2E-VIT高速动态测定试验系统,对比分析了青砂岩在冲击、振动冲击复合加载下的破裂特征、粒度分布与质量占比,并研究了振动载荷对岩石冲击破裂特征及粒度分布规律的影响．结果表明,在冲击、振动冲击复合加载下,青砂岩呈现出相似的破裂特征,即首先形成上、下两个破碎锥,随后下破碎锥的破坏逐渐加剧直至完全破坏,而上破碎锥在最后阶段发生破坏．相较于冲击加载,振动冲击复合加载方式能显著提高6 mm以上颗粒的质量占比,且增加振幅与振动频率,能明显增加6～20 mm颗粒的质量占比．此外,振幅与振动频率对青砂岩的破碎具有显著的选择性破裂效果．研究结果为岩石破碎加载方式及工艺参数的合理选择提供参考．

Abstract

External loading methods significantly influence the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of rocks. The fracture characteristics and particle size distribution often vary markedly under different loading conditions. However, most existing studies focus on single loading methods, with limited research on the effects of composite loading and the interactions between different loading modes. To address these gaps, this study investigates green sandstone, a quasi-brittle material, using the PAN-E2E-VIT high-speed dynamic measurement test system. The study compares and analyzes the fracture characteristics, particle size distribution, and mass proportion of green sandstone under impact and vibration-impact composite loading. The influence of vibration loading on the impact fracture characteristics and particle size distribution of rock is also investigated. The results show that under impact and vibration-impact composite loading, green sandstone exhibits similar fracture characteristics: initially, upper and lower crushing cones are formed; subsequently, the lower crushing cone undergoes progressive failure until complete destruction; finally, the upper crushing cone is fractured. Compared to impact loading alone, vibration-impact composite loading can significantly increase the mass proportion of particles larger than 6 mm. Moreover, increasing the vibration amplitude and frequency notably enhances the mass proportion of particles within the 6—20 mm range. Additionally, both vibration amplitude and frequency exhibit selective fracturing effects on green sandstone. These findings provide a reference for the optimized selection of loading methods and process parameters for rock crushing.

关键词

振动载荷 / 青砂岩 / 破裂特征 / 粒度分布 / 质量占比

Key words

vibration loading / green sandstone / fracture characteristics / particle size distribution / mass proportion

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074308)

河北省教育厅科学研究项目(ZC2026264)

唐山学院博士创新项目(BC2025014ZD)