振动冲击复合载荷下岩石力学响应及能量消耗规律的理论研究

Theoretical Study on the Mechanical Response and Energy Consumption Law of Rock Under Vibration-Impact Composite Loading

摘要

针对目前非线性载荷下岩石力学响应的研究主要以单一加载方式为主,而关于非线性载荷复合作用下岩石的力学响应研究相对较少,且研究方法多集中于物理试验与数值模拟,缺少理论分析支持．为此,本文总结了非线性载荷分类及其在破岩中的优势,并结合岩石介质的力学特性与基本模型,选择了弹性元件和黏性元件并联形式的Kelvin-Voigt模型,对岩石进行力学建模．在此基础上,分析了自由振动、简谐振动及冲击载荷下岩石的力学响应,并建立了振动冲击复合载荷下岩石的力学响应方程,进一步探讨了岩石的能量消耗规律．最后,采用准脆性材料青砂岩,通过颗粒流模拟验证了理论研究结果．结果表明,在外部加载过程中,振幅对岩石内部颗粒扰动具有放大作用,能量吸收量与振幅的平方、激振频率及阻尼成正比,且每个运动周期中吸收的能量与简谐振动系统总能量之比为常数．同时,激振力越大,用于摩擦的能量消耗也越大,振动激励对岩石能量吸收及破裂具有一定的促进作用．研究结果为非线性载荷下岩石的破裂机理及能量消耗规律研究提供了理论基础．

Abstract

Regarding the current research on the mechanical response of rock under nonlinear loading, single-loading methods are mainly used, and relatively limited research on the mechanical response of rock under the combined action of nonlinear loading has been conducted. Moreover, research methods mostly focus on physical experiments and numerical simulations, lacking the support of theoretical analyses. This paper summarized the classification of nonlinear loading and its advantages in rock breaking and combined the mechanical properties and basic models of rock media to select the Kelvin-Voigt model in parallel with elastic and viscous elements for the mechanical modeling of a rock. On this basis, the mechanical response of rock under free vibration, harmonic vibration, and impact loading was analyzed, and the mechanical response equation of rock under vibration-impact composite loading was established, further exploring the energy consumption law of rock. Finally, the theoretical research results were verified through particle flow simulation using quasi-brittle material, i.e., green sandstone. The research results show that during the external loading process, the amplitude has an amplifying effect on the disturbance of particles inside the rock. The energy absorption is proportional to the square of the amplitude, the excitation frequency, and damping, and the ratio of the energy absorbed in each motion cycle to the total energy of the harmonic vibration system is constant. Meanwhile, the greater the excitation force, the greater the energy consumption for friction. Moreover, the vibration excitation has a certain promoting effect on the energy absorption and fracture of rock. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the study of the fracture mechanism and energy consumption law of rock under nonlinear loading.

关键词

岩石力学 / 青砂岩 / 颗粒流模拟 / 振动冲击复合载荷 / Kelvin-Voigt模型 / 力学响应方程 / 能量消耗规律

Key words

rock mechanics / green sandstone / particle flow simulation / vibration-impact composite loading / Kelvin-Voigt model / mechanical response equation / energy consumption law

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074308)

河北省教育厅科学研究项目(ZC2026264)

唐山学院博士创新项目(BC2025014ZD)