基于能量回收的快速真空开关小型化操动方法与试验

Miniaturized Operation Method for an Ultra-Fast Vacuum Switch Based on Energy Recovery and Associated Test

摘要

为解决目前直流转换开关(DCTS)中SF₆开关不环保、动作慢的缺点,借鉴直流断路器技术方案,使用快速真空开关替代SF₆开关．然而,但由于驱动回路薄膜电容能量密度低,基于汤姆森线圈驱动器的快速开关操动机构效率低、体积大且成本高,限制了快速真空开关的广泛应用．本文提出了一种基于能量回收的快速真空开关操动方法,即通过回收薄膜电容器组中的剩余能量完成连续分-合闸操作．首先构建了快速真空开关在连续分合闸操作过程中的数学模型,开发了额定参数为3.6 kV/2.5 kA/1 ms的真空开关样机,并开展了行程特性测试．研究表明:采用所提出的方法,分闸时间为1 ms,合闸时间为19 ms,同时可使连续分合闸操作所需的电容用量减少50%,操动机构的体积和成本降低约40%,具有显著的优越性．

Abstract

Current SF₆ breakers in direct current transfer switches(DCTSs)are not environmentally friendly and are also slow acting. To address these limitations, ultra-fast vacuum switches(VSs)are used to replace SF₆ switches by leveraging DC circuit breaker technical solutions. However, ultra-fast VSs based on Thomson coil actuators are typically large, costly, and inefficient, and require high capacitance energy storage. These limitations constrain the widespread application of ultra-fast VSs in DCTSs. This paper proposed an ultra-fast VS operation method based on energy recovery, which enabled continuous open and closed operations by recovering residual energy in the capacitor bank. A mathematical model was established to characterize the sequential switching process of the ultra-fast VS, and a prototype with rated parameters of 3.6 kV, 2.5 kA, and 1 ms was developed and subjected to stroke characteristic testing. The results show a breaking time of 1 ms and a closing time of 19 ms using the proposed methods. Notably, this approach reduces the required capacitance for continuous switching operations by 50%, while decreasing the actuator’s volume and cost by approximately 40%, thus demonstrating significant technical advantages.

关键词

直流转换开关 / 快速真空开关 / 汤姆森线圈 / 能量回收

Key words

direct current transfer switch(DCTS) / ultra-fast vacuum switch(VC) / Thomason-coil actuator / energy recovery

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基金资助

中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(CGYKJXM20240028)