多级法兰连接螺栓组预紧力一致性分析

Consistency Analysis of Pretightening Force in Multistage Flange Connection Bolts

摘要

均匀的螺栓载荷对螺栓法兰连接结构的密封性能具有重要意义．为探究螺栓加载工艺与预紧力一致性的关系,基于螺栓法兰连接结构建立了有限元模型,分析法兰与垫圈结合面的接触特性与预紧力变化,并经过某型压力容器的多级法兰 6 螺栓结构进行螺栓加载试验验证．试验设置了加载次序、加载轮次、重加载轮次、重加载螺栓个数、重加载方式等变量因素互为对照组,并与 ASME PCC-1—2022 推荐加载方法对比,分析螺栓组预紧力的均值与离散系数,探究适用现实场景的最优加载工艺．试验采用高精度数显力矩扳手加载螺栓载荷,并采用超声设备实时监测螺栓预紧力．结果表明：采用合适的加载次序与增加加载轮次可以有效改善螺栓组预紧力一致性,引入重加载过程可以比 ASME PCC-1 推荐加载方法进一步改善螺栓组预紧力一致性,且重加载轮次和参与重加载的螺栓个数越多,改善效果越好．此外,最终重加载过程对单螺栓采用扭矩转角法可以进一步降低螺栓组预紧力的离散系数．

Abstract

Uniform bolt load plays an important role in the sealing performance of bolted flange connection structures. To explore the relationship between bolt loading technology and the consistency of pretightening,a finite element model was established based on a bolted flange connection structure,the contact characteristics and pretightening force variations of the joint surface between the flange and gasket were analyzed,and a bolt loading experiment was conducted using a multistage six-bolt flange structure of a certain pressure vessel. In the experiment,variable factors such as loading sequence,loading rounds,reloading rounds,number of reloaded bolts,and reloading mode were set as control groups and compared with the results obtained using the loading method recommended by ASME PCC-1—2022. The mean value and dispersion coefficient of the bolt group preload were analyzed to identify the optimal loading technology applicable to real-world conditions. A high-precision digital torque wrench was used to apply the bolt load,and ultrasonic equipment was employed to monitor the pretightening force in real time. The results show that adopting an appropriate loading sequence and increasing the number of loading rounds can effectively improve the consistency of the pretightening force within bolt groups. The introduction of a reloading process further enhances the consistency of the pretightening force compared with the ASME PCC-1 method,with greater improvement observed as the number of reloading rounds and reloaded bolts increased. Moreover,applying the torque-angle method for single bolts during the final reloading process further reduces the dispersion coefficient of the bolt group pretightening force.

关键词

多级法兰 / 螺栓法兰连接 / 弹性相互作用 / 预紧力 / ASME PCC-1—2022

Key words

multistage flange / bolted flange joint / elastic interaction / pretightening force / ASME PCC-1—2022

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075077)