月球极端温度环境下纤维增强模拟月壤地聚合物抗冲击性能

Fiber-Reinforced Simulated Lunar Soil Geopolymer Under Extreme Lunar Temperature Environments

摘要

月壤地聚合物作为月球空间站建造的重要原位资源,对推动深空探测具有至关重要的意义．在月球上,月球基地往往承受昼夜极端温度和陨石撞击冲击荷载,传统模拟月壤地聚合物的抗压强度、抗折强度及抗冲击性能均不达标．针对月球极端环境工况,通过掺加聚丙烯纤维(PPF)以提升月球极端环境下模拟月壤地聚合物的抗冲击性能,采用圆柱体试件以5 J、10 J两种冲击能量进行落锤冲击试验,从力学强度、冲击次数及耗能、破坏形态等方面探究不同温度对模拟月壤地聚合物抗冲击及纤维阻裂能力的影响,基于数理统计模型对冲击试验结果进行合理性检验和寿命预测．试验结果表明：高温时模拟月壤地聚合物的强度和抗冲击性能较常温状态下有明显提升．随着温度的降低,其强度和抗冲击性能有所下降,当温度降至－60 ℃时,各试验组抗压强度、抗折强度和抗冲击性能均达到最低．纤维长度为6 mm、掺量0.4%(质量分数)为纤维增强模拟月壤地聚合物最优掺量组合．通过Weibull分布模型对抗冲击试验结果进行检验和寿命预测,试验所测样本相关系数R²均大于0.800,与实测数据对比发现,不同失效概率下破坏冲击寿命变化趋势与实测值基本一致,证明双参数Weibull分布可以合理地描述PPF增强模拟月壤地聚合物抗冲击次数的分布特征．研究结果可为后续月球科研站建造材料的选择提供科学依据．

Abstract

As an important in-situ resource for the construction of lunar space stations, the lunar soil geopolymer is vital for promoting deep space exploration. On the Moon, a lunar base is often subjected to extreme temperatures from day to night and meteorite impact shock loads, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and impact resistance of traditional simulated lunar soil geopolymers are substandard. Aimed at the extreme environmental conditions on the Moon, the impact resistance of simulated lunar soil geopolymers under extreme lunar environments was improved by adding polypropylene fibers(PPFs), and falling hammer impact tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens with two impact energies of 5 J and 10 J. The effects of different temperatures on the impact resistance and fiber crack resistance of simulated lunar soil geopolymers were studied from aspects such as the mechanical strength, number of impacts, energy consumption and damage morphology. Based on mathematical and statistical modeling, the results of impact tests were examined for their reasonableness, and life prediction was also performed. Test results showed that the strengths and impact resistance of the simulated lunar soil geopolymers at high temperatures were significantly improved compared with those at room temperature. With a decrease in temperature, their strengths and impact resistance decreased to some extent, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and impact resistance of each test group reached their lowest values when temperature dropped to –60 ℃. A fiber length of 6 mm with a doping amount of 0.4%(mass fraction) was the optimal doping combination for fiber-reinforced simulated lunar soil geopolymers. A Weibull distribution model was used to check the impact resistance test results and predict the life, and the values of correlation coefficient R² of measured samples were all greater than 0.800. Through a comparison with the measured data, it was found that the trend of damage impact life at different failure probabilities was consistent with those of measured values, indicating that the two-parameter Weibull distribution can reasonably describe the distribution characteristics of the number of times of impact resistance for PPF-reinforced simulated lunar soil geopolymers. The research results in this paper can provide a scientific basis for the selection of construction materials of lunar research stations in the future.

关键词

聚丙烯纤维 / 模拟月壤 / 抗冲击性能 / Weibull 分布 / 阻裂能力

Key words

polypropylene fiber(PPF) / simulated lunar soil / impact resistance / Weibull distribution / crack resistance

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基金资助

河南省科技攻关项目(222102320382)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108336)