电动增压对重型涡轮增压柴油机瞬态加载过程性能影响的研究

Effect of Electric Supercharging on the Transient Loading Process Performance of Heavy-Duty Turbocharged Diesel Engine

摘要

针对传统涡轮增压柴油机加载过程中空气系统滞后造成的油气配比失调问题,提出电动增压器瞬态匹配方法,以油气协同控制为核心开展柴油机瞬态性能研究. 以某重型柴油机为基础搭建一维仿真模型,在柴油机原有单级涡轮增压器的上游布置电动增压器,在加载时长为1.0 s、转速为950 r/min 的恒转速突加载过程中(负荷变化0～90%),基于电动增压器瞬态匹配方法,通过瞬态计算确定电动增压器选型方案,最终选择的电机额定功率为8 kW,额定转速为50 000 r/min. 以此搭建电动增压系统试验台架,针对 5 种先急后缓的喷油方案与不同电动增压器介入方式开展了瞬态加载试验,结果表明：以 0.5 s 加载至70 %负荷的喷油方案为例,电动增压器的介入提升了瞬态过程中的进气响应速度,进气量增大,进气压力升高,缸内混合物燃烧更加充分,缸内压力峰值增大0.76 MPa,放热率峰值提升30.03 J/(°CA),缸内平均温度峰值降低49.17 K,燃烧重心提前,燃烧持续期缩短0.91°CA,燃烧效果明显改善,当量比峰值降低至临界当量比0.80 以下. 在对 NO_x 排放产生较小影响的条件下电动增压器可以显著改善碳烟排放,其中采用0.1 s 阶跃至45 %负荷的喷油控制方式,在电动增压器的协同控制下获得最低的瞬态碳烟排放峰值167.34 mg/m³. 因此,喷油方式与电动增压器介入相结合的控制策略是实现低排放的有效手段之一.

Abstract

To address the fuel-air ratio imbalance caused by the turbo lag during the loading process of conventional turbocharged diesel engines,a transient matching method for an electric supercharger was proposed,and the transient performance of a diesel engine was studied with a focus on fuel-air cooperative control. Based on a heavy-duty diesel engine,a one-dimensional simulation model was established. The electric supercharger was arranged upstream of the engine’s single-stage turbocharger. During a sudden,constant-speed loading process with a duration of 1.0 s and a speed of 950 r/min(load change：0—90%),an electric supercharger selection scheme was determined through transient calculations using the proposed matching method. The selected motor had a rated power of 8 kW and a rated speed of 50 000 r/min. Subsequently,a test bench of the electric supercharger system was constructed,and transient loading tests were performed for five types of fuel injection schemes and different electric supercharger intervention methods. The results showed that for a fuel injection scheme involving a 0.5 s ramp-up to 70 % load,the intervention of the electric supercharger accelerated the intake response speed during the transient process. As the intake mass flow rate was increased,the intake pressure increased and the mixture in the cylinder burned more completely. The peak in-cylinder pressure and peak heat release rate increased by 0.76 MPa and 30.03 J/(°CA),respectively,while the peak in-cylinder average temperature and combustion duration decreased by 49.17 K and 0.91°CA,respectively. Furthermore,the combustion center of gravity advanced,indicating an improved combustion effect. The peak equivalent ratio decreased to below the critical equivalent ratio of 0.80. The electric supercharger significantly reduced soot emissions while exerting only a minor effect on NO_x emissions. The lowest transient soot emission peak of 167.34 mg/m³ was achieved using an injection scheme featuring a step increase to 45% load at 0.1 s coordinated with the electric supercharger. Therefore,the control strategy combining the fuel injection scheme with electric supercharger intervention was an effective means to achieve low emissions.

关键词

电动增压 / 瞬态匹配 / 当量比 / 动态响应 / 瞬态性能

Key words

electric supercharging / transient matching / equivalent ratio / dynamic response / transient performance

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基金资助

泰山产业领军人才工程资助项目

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFE0213200)

天津市科技计划资助项目(24ZXZSSS00280)