错列管束两相流动中的流型识别研究

Flow Regime Identification in Two Phase Flow Through Staggered Tube Bundles

摘要

随着高效紧凑型管壳式换热器的发展，管束流致振动问题日益受到关注．管外两相流因气液相物性差异与管束结构复杂性，流动特征呈现显著时空演化特性．传统流型识别方法依赖含气率与压降参数，存在动态响应迟滞问题．本研究提出高速摄影与管周压力小波分析协同识别系统，通过高速摄影捕捉流型演变，结合16个测点压力信号多分辨率小波分解，提取0.977~250.000Hz频带能量特征．实验针对节径比为1.483的正三角形管束，识别出空泡流、分散空泡流、搅拌流与间歇流4类流型．小波能量分析表明：空泡流高频能量占比45%，分散空泡流由A8尺度低频能量主导，搅拌流中频能量集中于D8和D7尺度，间歇流低频周期性显著．新型流型图较Noghrehkar概率密度函数法能更精准地识别过渡边界，较Hibiki-Takashi模型拓展了分散空泡流边界．高速摄影-压力小波分析方法实现流型边界判定误差降低，为复杂管束两相流动机理研究提供了高精度实验基础．

Abstract

With the development of high-efficiency compact shell-and-tube heat exchangers，flow-induced vibration in tube bundles has attracted increasing attention. The external two-phase flow exhibits significant spatiotemporal evolution due to differences in gas-liquid phase properties and the structural complexity of the tube bundle. Traditional flow regime identification methods relying on void fraction and pressure drop parameters suffer from dynamic response hysteresis. To address this，this study proposes a synergistic identification system that combines high-speed photography with wavelet analysis of circumferential pressure signals. The system captures flow regime transitions through high-speed photography while performing multiresolution wavelet decomposition on 16 measurement-point pressure signals to extract energy characteristics in the 0.977—250.000 Hz frequency band. Experimental investigations on an equilateral triangular tube bundle(pitch-to-diameter ratio：1.483)identified four distinct flow regimes： bubbly flow，dispersed bubbly flow，churn flow，and intermittent flow. Wavelet energy analysis revealed a 45% high-frequency energy dominance in bubbly flow，A8-scale low-frequency energy predominance in dispersed bubbly flow，mid-frequency energy concentration in D8 and D7 scales for churn flow，and distinct low-frequency periodicity in intermittent flow. The novel flow regime map demonstrated higher accuracy in identifying transition boundaries than Noghrehkar’s probability density function method and extended the dispersed bubbly flow boundaries beyond those of the Hibiki-Takashi model. The integrated high-speed photography and pressure wavelet analysis method re- duced errors in determining flow regime boundaries，establishing a high-precision experimental foundation for investigating two-phase flow mechanisms in complex tube bundles.

关键词

两相流 / 流型识别 / 换热器

Key words

two-phase flow / flow regime identification / heat exchanger

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基金资助

宁波市重点研发计划资助项目(2024Z096)