混凝土堆石组合坝主动土压力上限分析

Analysis of Upper Bound Limit of Active Earth Pressure of Concrete Rockfill Composite Dam

摘要

混凝土堆石组合坝是一种融合面板堆石坝与混凝土重力坝各自优点的新型坝体结构．为解决有限土体高度下混凝土堆石组合坝中重力坝主动土压力计算问题，本文基于极限分析上限法，通过构建重力坝下游的堆石体平面滑动破坏机制，建立外力功率与内能耗散功率平衡方程，推导出主动土压力表达式．研究结果表明：主动土压力随坝高比增加呈现典型的非线性增长特征，其变化规律符合指数函数关系，且在坝高比达到临界值后趋于稳定；滑裂面的发展模式表现出明显的阶段性特征，其倾角随坝高比增大而逐渐增大，破坏路径从下游坝坡逐步向上游坝坡扩展．主动土压力与坝土摩擦角、面板堆石坝倾角呈显著正相关，而与重力坝倾角、堆石料内摩擦角和黏聚力呈负相关关系．坝高比对主动土压力的影响幅度达 20%～48%，是最重要的影响因素之一．此外，黏聚力对主动土压力的影响呈现独特的非线性特征，表现为先增强后减弱的变化规律．基于因子变换法的局部灵敏度分析进一步识别出重力坝倾角、重力坝坝高和堆石料内摩擦角为高灵敏度参数，而坝土摩擦角与面板堆石坝倾角的灵敏度则显著受坝高比控制．该模型清晰地揭示了混凝土堆石组合坝重力坝段在有限土体高度条件下的主动土压力发展规律及参数影响机制，为该坝型的抗滑稳定性设计和优化提供了重要的理论依据．

Abstract

The concrete rockfill composite dam(CRCD)is a novel dam structure that integrates the respective advantages of concrete face rockfill dams and concrete gravity dams. To address the challenge of accurately calculating the active earth pressure on the concrete gravity dam section of a CRCD under finite soil height conditions，the upper bound limit analysis method is adopted in this paper. A planar sliding failure mechanism for the downstream rockfill is established，and the active earth pressure expression is derived by balancing the external work rate and the internal energy dissipation rate. Results indicate that the active earth pressure exhibits a typical nonlinear increase with the dam height ratio，following an exponential relationship and tending to stabilize once the ratio reaches a critical value. The development of the sliding surface shows unique stage-specific characteristics，i.e.，its inclination angle gradually increases with the dam height ratio，and the failure path progressively extends from the downstream slope toward the upstream slope. The active earth pressure is positively correlated with the dam-soil friction angle and the concrete face rockfill dam inclination angle，while it is negatively correlated with the concrete gravity dam inclination angle，the rockfill internal friction angle and cohesion. The dam height ratio，whose influence ranges from 20% to 48%，is identified as one of the most significant factors. Furthermore，the effect of cohesion on active earth pressure demonstrates a unique nonlinear pattern，characterized by an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. A local sensitivity analysis based on the factor transformation method further identifies the concrete gravity dam inclination angle，concrete gravity dam height and rockfill internal friction angle as highly sensitive parameters. In contrast，the sensitivities of the dam-soil friction angle and concrete face rockfill dam inclination angle are significantly controlled by the dam height ratio. The proposed model clearly reveals the evolution law of active earth pressure and the parameter influence mechanisms in the concrete gravity dam section under finite soil height conditions，providing a solid theoretical foundation for the anti-sliding stability design and optimization of this dam type.

关键词

混凝土堆石组合坝 / 主动土压力 / 上限分析 / 有限土体高度

Key words

concrete rockfill composite dam / active earth pressure / upper bound limit analysis / finite soil height

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479059)