地震大装置水下振动台流场均匀性控制研究

Study on Flow Field Uniformity Control of Underwater Shaking Table at National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

摘要

水下振动台是开展土木工程、海洋工程及地震工程等多学科交叉科研的重要试验设施,其核心价值在于可在水下环境中复拟地震工况,为结构与水耦合动力响应提供真实、可重复的实验场景．试验区大型流场的精准、稳定及均匀性控制是开展高质量试验研究的先决条件,直接影响着装置的适用范围以及试验结果的可靠性．针对试验区大型流场调试过程中多变量相互影响与调优周期长的问题,以国家大型地震工程模拟研究设施水下振动台大型流场环境为研究对象,以流场均匀性为优化目标,选取通道的入口流量和导流格栅的封堵布局为控制参数,基于高保真计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟和集合卡尔曼滤波算法,快速确定多变量参数取值,提出分步调优的控制策略,实现流场的均匀性控制．该策略将纵向流动和横向流动做解耦,首先调整格栅布局逐步逼近最优封堵组合,从而避免纵向局部流速过大形成流动集中或流速过小产生回流；其次,通过优化算法调整横向各通道之间的相互影响,进一步实现横向的流动均衡,避免多变量同时扰动造成的耦合震荡．仿真结果表明：应用分步调优控制策略,可以快速得到期望的目标流场,显著提升调优效率,为多控制参数条件下大型流场的方案设计和控制调优提供了新方法,也可推广至其他具有相似需求的大型流控设施．

Abstract

The underwater shaking table is a key experimental facility for multidisciplinary research in civil, ocean and earthquake engineering, and its core value lies in its capability to simulate earthquake conditions in an underwater environment, providing a realistic and repeatable test scenario for the coupled dynamic response between structures and water. Generating a precise, stable and uniformly controlled large-scale flow field within the test area is essential for ensuring the application range of equipment and reliability of experimental results. However, achieving such flow conditions is challenged by the complex interactions among multiple variables, as well as the typically required lengthy tuning cycles. This study focused on optimizing the large-scale flow field environment of the underwater shaking table at the National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation. Flow field uniformity was set as the optimization objective, with the inlet velocity of the flow channel and the blocking configuration of the diversion grille selected as key control parameters. Based on high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations and the ensemble Kalman filter algorithm, the proposed approach enabled rapid determination of multivariate parameter sets. A stepwise tuning control strategy was proposed to efficiently regulate the flow field uniformity. This strategy decoupled vertical flow and horizontal flow. First, it adjusted the grille layout to gradually approach the optimal blocking combination, so as to prevent excessive local vertical flow velocity from leading to flow concentration or insufficient flow velocity from causing backflow. Second, it adjusted the mutual influence between horizontal flow channels through optimization algorithms to further achieve horizontal flow balance and avoid coupled oscillations caused by simultaneous disturbances of multiple variables. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed strategy enabled rapid achievement of target flow conditions and significantly enhanced the tuning efficiency. This strategy provides a novel approach for the design and control of large-scale flow fields under multi-parameter constraints, and it can also be extended to other large-scale flow control facilities with similar requirements.

关键词

集合卡尔曼滤波算法 / 多变量优化 / 流场均匀性

Key words

ensemble Kalman filter algorithm / multivariate optimization / flow field uniformity

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52179076)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979186)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779175)