侵蚀型海滩滩涂垃圾分布规律和积累模式以海南省昌江县棋子湾为例

Distribution Patterns and Accumulation Mechanisms of Beach Litter on Erosion Type Beach：A Case Study of Qizi Bay in Changjiang，Hainan

摘要

海洋垃圾污染已成为全球性环境问题，海滩作为陆海交互的关键地带，既是垃圾的输入源也是沉积汇．本 研究以海南昌江棋子湾这一典型开敞侵蚀型反射海滩为研究对象，基于 2024 年秋季开展的高密度实地调查数据， 系统量化了潮波冲刷、风-浪-流动力耦合作用以及人类活动对海滩垃圾丰度的影响，引入熵权法与海滩滩涂垃圾相 对污染概率指标对海滩垃圾的空间分布特征及驱动机制进行了综合评估．研究结果显示，棋子湾海滩秋季垃圾平均 丰度 0.60 件/m²，以塑料类为主(71.9%)，人类海岸活动(56%)和航运/捕鱼(39%)是主要来源．海滩垃圾分布表现出 空间异质性：垂岸方向上垃圾丰度由海向陆递增，大尺寸垃圾集中于沙丘和后滨，前滨以碎片化垃圾为主；沿岸方 向分布不均匀性明显，受沿岸流、风应力及人类活动热点(如海滩入口)的共同影响．本研究构建的影响因子量化方法能够有效反映自然动力作用下海滩垃圾的空间分布特征，为开敞侵蚀型海滩的精准治理提供科学依据．

Abstract

Marine litter pollution has become a global environmental issue. As a critical interface between the land and sea，beaches serve both as input sources and deposition sinks for marine litter. This study focuses on Qizi Bay in Changjiang，Hainan，a typical open erosion-type reflective beach. Based on high-density field survey data collected in autumn 2024，the influences of tidal-wave scouring，wind-wave-current dynamic coupling，and human activities on beach litter abundance were systematically quantified. By employing the entropy weight method and a relative pollution probability index for beach litter，the spatial distribution characteristics and driving mechanisms of beach litter were comprehensively assessed. Results indicate that the average litter abundance at Qizi Bay beach was 0.60 items/m² in autumn，primarily plastic litter(71.9%). The main litter sources were human coastal activities (56%)and shipping and fishing(39%). Furthermore，the beach litter exhibited spatial heterogeneity：in the cross-shore direction，litter abundance increased from sea toward land，with large litter concentrated in the dune and backshore zones，while the foreshore was mainly covered by fragmented litter. Meanwhile，in the alongshore direction，a considerably uneven distribution was observed，influenced by longshore currents，wind stress，and human activity hotspots such as beach entrances. This study’s impact factor quantification method effectively reflects the spatial distribution characteristics of beach litter under natural forcing，providing a scientific basis for precisely managing open erosion-type beaches.

关键词

海滩滞留垃圾 / 侵蚀型海滩 / 空间分布 / 影响因素

Key words

beached marine litter / erosion-type beach / spatial distribution / influencing factor

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基金资助

海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室(河海大学)开放课题资助项目(J202401)

海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室开放课题资助项目(23-HNHYDZZYHJKFO37)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52471282)

天津大学水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室开放课题资助项目(HESS-2403)