嵌入陶瓷基复合材料的光纤布拉格光栅高温和应变传感特性研究

High-Temperature and Strain Sensing Characteristics of Fiber Bragg Gratings Embedded in Ceramic Matrix Composites

摘要

针对陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)热端部件在高温和高温应变监测中存在的测量困难与精度不足问题，提出一种内嵌光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)高温和高温应变传感方法．利用飞秒激光直写法在单模光纤中制备了耐高温的 FBG，并将其封装于高温合金毛细管内，构成耐高温光纤传感器．进一步通过飞秒激光微加工的方式分别在 CMCs 拉伸试样和航空发动机导向叶片上制备微通道，将光纤传感器嵌入微通道内部，并采用高温胶进行封装固定，从而构建具备功能和感知一体化能力的 CMCs 热端部件．在高温高速燃气冲刷条件下，对 CMCs 导向叶片进行了 50 次高温热冲击试验，温度范围为 212.5～855.7 ℃．试验结果表明，内嵌光纤传感器的性能保持稳定，与实际工况基本一致．在 800 ℃条件下对 CMCs 拉伸试样开展了 3 300 次高温循环拉伸测试，应变范围为 367 με～1 395 με，测得的位移量与力学试验机夹具的位移量高度吻合，验证了该测试方法的有效性和稳定性，实现了 CMCs 部件内部高温和高温应变的原位在线监测．

Abstract

To address the measurement difficulties and insufficient accuracy in the high temperature and high-temperature strain monitoring of hot-end components made of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)，we demonstrated an embedded fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensing method for high temperature and high-temperature strain. First，high-temperature resistant FBG were fabricated via femtosecond laser direct writing on gold-coated single-mode fibers and then encapsulated within a high-temperature alloy capillary tube to form a high-temperature resistant fiber optic sensor. Furthermore，microchannels were integrated into the CMCs tensile specimens and aero-engine guide vanes through femtosecond laser microfabrication. Thereafter，the fiber optic sensors were embedded within these micro-channels and adhered using a high-temperature ceramic adhesive，thereby constructing smart CMCs hot-end components that seamlessly integrate structural functionalities and sensing capability. Under conditions simulating high temperature and rapid gas scouring，we conducted 50 thermal shock tests on CMCs guide vanes across a temperature range from 212.5 ℃ to 855.7 ℃. The results indicate that the performance of the embedded fiber optic sensors remained stable and was largely consistent with the actual operating conditions. Additionally，the CMCs tensile specimens were subjected to 3 300 cyclic tensile tests at temperatures approaching 800 ℃，obtaining strain values of 367 με-1 395 με. The FBG-measured displacements exhibited a strong correlation with those recorded by the mechanical testing machine fixture，thus validating the effectiveness and stability of this testing methodology. Overall，this research successfully achieved the simultaneous in situ online monitoring of high temperature and high-temperature strain within CMCs components under extreme conditions.

关键词

光纤布拉格光栅 / 陶瓷基复合材料 / 高温 / 应变 / 光纤传感

Key words

fiber Bragg grating(FBG) / ceramic matrix composites(CMCs) / high temperature / strain / fiber optic sensing

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB3207500)