多维数据驱动电压源型变流器状态感知技术及其应用综述

Multidimensional Data-Driven State Perception Technologies for Voltage Source Converters and Their Applications: A Review

摘要

电压源型变流器(VSC)广泛应用于分布式发电与储能单元的并网应用领域，其运行可靠性对系统的安全稳定运行至关重要．电力电子设备中，功率开关器件和无源器件(如电感、电容)在其全寿命周期内存在参数衰减与特性退化，严重影响设备可靠性和运行特性．由器件老化引发的参数性故障通常难以直接观测，若未及时识别并处理，可能进一步演变为结构性故障，从而威胁系统运行安全并造成经济损失．因此，基于多维数据驱动的 VSC 状态感知技术，已成为实现其健康状态监测、退化趋势评估与故障预警等进一步应用的关键手段，对提高 VSC 系统运行可靠性具有重要意义．本文以并网逆变器为研究对象，首先阐述 VSC 典型拓扑结构与控制逻辑架构，包括辅助控制、双闭环控制及脉宽调制环节．其次，梳理 VSC 多维度数据体系与分类，论述常规反馈数据、直接状态监测数据以及感知数据的特点，并对比分析不同类别数据的获取方法与测量技术．之后从数据获取、处理建模与工程应用 3 个层面分析技术应用框架，系统论述状态感知技术在状态评估、故障诊断、冗余控制与寿命预测等典型场景中的应用路径与发展现状．最后，提出当前基于多维数据驱动的 VSC 状态感知技术在实际应用中面临的关键挑战，并对其未来发展趋势进行展望，旨在进一步提升 VSC 状态感知的精准性与工程实用性．

Abstract

Voltage source converters(VSCs)have been employed extensively in grid integration applications for distributed generation and energy storage units. Their operational reliability is critical to safe，stable system operations. In power electronic equipment，power switching devices and passive components(e.g.，inductors and capacitors)undergo parameter degradation and characteristic deterioration throughout their lifecycle，significantly affecting equipment reliability and operational performance. However，parametric faults caused by device aging are usually difficult to observe directly. If not promptly identified and addressed，these faults may evolve into structural failures，threatening operational safety and causing economic losses. Consequently，multidimensional data-driven VSC state perception technology has emerged as a key approach for health status monitoring，degradation trend assessment，and fault prediction，with significant implications for enhancing the operational reliability of VSC systems. This paper considers grid-connected inverters as the research object. First，the typical topological structure and control logic framework of VSC,including auxiliary control,dual-closed-loop control,and pulse width modulation，are established. Second，the multidimensional data framework and classification for VSC are summarized，and the characteristics of conventional feedback data，direct condition monitoring data，and perception data are discussed. The acquisition methods and measurement techniques for each data type are compared and analyzed. Subsequently，the paper examines the technical application framework across three levels：data acquisition，processing and modelling，and engineering implementation. This framework enables a systematic discussion of the application pathways and development status of state perception technology in typical scenarios，including condition assessment，fault diagnosis，redundancy control，and lifetime prediction. Finally，this paper identifies the key challenges faced by multidimensional data-driven VSC state perception technology in practical applications and outlines its future development trends，aiming to enhance the accuracy and engineering practicability of VSC state perception.

关键词

电压源型变流器 / 多维数据驱动 / 状态感知

Key words

voltage source converter / multidimensional data-driven / state perception

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基金资助

国家电网有限公司科技项目(52039925000A-060-ZN)