岩溶区矿山地下水通道精细探查与地质模型构建

Study on the groundwater pathway exploration and the geological model construction of the mine in karst area

摘要

【目的】岩溶区矿山岩溶通道发育，叠加强烈采矿改造作用，矿山地下水系统可发生显著改变。为查明岩溶区矿山水文地质条件，以贵州岩溶发育区紫木凼金矿为研究对象，开展系统的矿山水文地质调查与地质模型构建工作。【方法】提出地球物理勘探技术和三维地质建模技术相结合的方法，融合矿区勘探钻孔、地质剖面图和物探成果等多源数据，建立了紫木凼金矿区精细三维地质模型，精细刻画了该矿区岩溶通道空间展布，建立了融合岩溶通道的矿山水文地质概念模型。【结果】结果显示，矿区内受采矿作用影响的一中段暗河流向与矿区外未受采矿影响的太平洞暗河流向相反；矿区内F3断层和F6断层分别为矿区东西方向的隔水边界。【结论】结果表明：采矿活动显著改变了紫木凼矿区地下水系统，导致地下水流向改变；水文地质概念模型能够准确识别地下水岩溶通道与水文地质边界，厘清了矿区地下水“补-径-排”体系，实现了岩溶区矿山水文地质条件可视化。研究成果可为岩溶区矿山地下水污染科学防治提供支撑。

Abstract

[Objective] Karst channels in the mining area are abundant in karst areas, and the combined effect of heavy mining processes will lead to more complicated groundwater system. To identify the hydrogeological conditions of mines in karst areas, the Zimudang gold mine located in karst area in Guizhou was selected for a case study, and systematic hydrogeological investigations and 3D geological modeling were carried out in the gold mine.[Methods] A method combining geophysical exploration with 3D geologic modeling technology was proposed, and the fine 3D geological model of Zimudang gold mine was established based on integrating multi-source data such as exploration drilling holes, geological cross-section maps and geophysical result.The karst channels were depicted, and a hydrogeology conceptual model integrating the karst channel model was established.[Results] Result showed that mining activities have changed the flow direction of the underground river in the first level of the mine, which is opposite to flow direction of the Taipingdong underground river out of the mine. The fault F3 and F6 consisted the watertight boundaries in the east and west of the mine.[Conclusion] This study showed, the groundwater system was changed significantly by the heavy mining work. The karst channel and the hydrogeological boundary could be precisely identified, and the recharge-runoff-discharge groundwater system was also identified, which visualized the hydrogeological conditions of the mines in the karst area. This research could provide support for the scientific prevention and control of underground water pollution in mines in karst areas.

关键词

地下水通道 / 地下水污染 / 物探 / 三维地质模型 / 水文地质概念模型 / 水质 / 人类活动

Key words

karst channel / groundwater pollution / geophysical exploration / 3D geological model / hydrogeological conceptual model / water quality / human activities

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1805300)

贵州省科技项目(黔科合成果[2023]重大 006)

贵州省科技项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般212)

贵州省科技项目([2021]5635)