智慧海绵城市研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospects of smart sponge cities

摘要

【目的】随着我国城市化和社会经济的持续发展，排水管道的不合理部署、排水设施的低效、不透水区域面积增加，使得城市内涝灾害问题逐渐增多。为进一步促进海绵城市向数字化、智能化发展，对现有海绵城市智慧化建设的研究进展和发展趋势进行分析。【方法】首先，通过近些年相关文献梳理了智慧海绵的内涵、基本特征以及发展历程；其次，重点介绍了智慧海绵建设中使用的物联网技术及其架构、关键技术；最后，阐述了当前智慧海绵研究发展存在的问题和不足，并对其今后的发展给出了相关的建议。【结果】研究发现：在对智慧海绵城市底层信息的采集过程中，传感器在耐久性、无线通信技术传输在低功耗等方面仍存在技术难题需要进一步解决；同时，物联网技术、地理信息系统、建筑信息模型、大数据挖掘与分析、数字孪生等多种技术手段在海绵设施监测和应急管理过程中具有广阔的应用前景。【结论】针对智慧海绵城市发展过程中存在的问题提出建议如下：需要建立健全相关标准及技术规范；建立跨部门的协调机制，提高沟通效率；需要突破核心技术，不断探索技术创新；海绵城市在实现智慧型建设的过程中，需要注重数字信息安全并探索多元化的融资渠道来降本增效。智慧海绵城市的建设是我国加快推进海绵城市基础设施建设向智慧化转型的发展趋势。

Abstract

[Objective] The ongoing urbanization and economic development in China have led to factors that have exacerbated the problem of urban waterlogging. These include the improper placement of drainage pipes, the inefficiency of drainage infrastructure, and the expansion of impervious surfaces. To further promote the digital and intelligent development of sponge cities, this study analyzes the research progress and development trends in the construction of smart sponge cities. [Methods] Firstly, relevant literature in recent years was reviewed to explore the connotation, fundamental characteristics, and development of smart sponge cities. Secondly, Internet of Things technology, its architecture, and key technologies used in the construction of smart sponge cities were highlighted. Finally, the problems and shortcomings of the current research and development of smart sponge cities were explained, and relevant suggestions for future development were given. [Results] The research found that in the process of collecting the underlying information of the smart sponge city, technical challenges remain, such as the durability of the sensor and the transmission of wireless communication technology with low power consumption. At the same time, various technological method, including Internet of Things technologies, geographic information system, building information modeling, big data mining and analysis, and digital twins, have broad application potential in sponge facility monitoring and emergency management. [Conclusion] Suggestions for overcoming the challenges in the development of smart sponge cities are as follows: comprehensive standards and technical specifications need to be established; cross-departmental coordination mechanisms should be created to enhance communication efficiency. Secondly, it is important to overcome core technological challenges and explore technological innovation. Finally, in the process of achieving smart construction, sponge cities need to focus on digital information security and explore diversified financing channels to reduce costs and increase efficiency. The construction of smart sponge cities is a development trend in China aim at accelerating the smart transformation of sponge city infrastructure.

关键词

海绵城市 / 物联网技术 / 技术体系 / 发展前景 / 综述

Key words

sponge city / Internet of Things technology / technical system / development prospects / review

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(62072216)

江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(21KJB520020)

无锡市“锡山英才计划” 创新领军人才项目(2022xsyc002)

无锡市“太湖之光” 科技攻关项目(K20221044)

2023 年度江苏省高校优秀科技创新团队项目