油坊沟流域典型生态系统服务权衡与协同关系研究

Study on the trade-offs and synergistic relationships of typical ecosystem services in the Youfanggou Watershed

摘要

【目的】黄河流域在气候变化和人类活动影响下所面临的生态环境与经济发展之间的矛盾日益突出。为黄河流域高质量发展，对黄土台塬区典型小流域油坊沟流域生态系统服务关系进行研究。【方法】通过无人机实测高程数据及气象、土地利用等多源数据，运用InVEST模型，探究油坊沟流域的产水、土壤保持、碳储量以及生境质量共4项生态系统服务；采用Pearson相关系数计算4项生态系统服务之间的相关系数以厘清其相关性；同时基于不同土地类型对生态系统服务权衡协同关系的时空变化进行研究，对研究区的多重生态系统服务进行识别。【结果】结果显示：2001—2020年油坊沟流域产水服务和土壤保持都呈现先增后减再增的趋势，碳储量持续上升，生境质量基本稳定。各生态系统服务之间主要表现为协同关系，碳储量和产水量之间表现出区域性权衡关系，在耕地、林地、草地和水域以土壤保持功能为主，生态系统服务的热点区主要集中在流域北部的林地地区。【结论】结果表明：植被恢复提高了生态系统服务水平，但对不同生态系统服务影响有时空差异，应对其分区管理以提出相应的保护对策；不同类型生态系统服务高值区的空间分布特征与流域土地利用格局密切相关，在规划管理流域生态系统服务时，需优化土地利用结构以提升服务效益；生态系统服务的冷热点区变化表现出林地在提供生态系统服务方面扮演着越来越重要的角色，在制定生态保护和管理策略时，应充分考虑不同生态系统服务间的相互关系以及空间分布特征，实现生态系统的可持续发展。通过此次对油坊沟流域生态系统服务功能的量化研究，阐明生态系统服务功能时空演变规律，为该区生态环境评价和可持续发展评价提供理论支撑。

Abstract

[Objective] Under the influence of climate change and human activities, the Yellow River Basin is increasingly facing contradictions between the ecological environment and economic development. This study aims to investigate the ecosystem service relationships in the typical small watershed of Youfanggou in the Loess Plateau region for high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. [Methods] Using real-time elevation data measured by drones and multi-source data such as meteorology and land use, the InVEST model was employed to explore four ecosystem services in the Youfanggou Watershed: water yield, soil retention, carbon storage, and habitat quality. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to calculate the correlation coefficients among the four ecosystem services to clarify their interrelationships. Additionally, the spatiotemporal variations in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services based on different land types were studied to identify multiple ecosystem services in the research area. [Results] The results showed that from 2001 to 2020, water yield and soil retention services in the Youfanggou Watershed initially increased, then decreased, and finally increased again, while carbon storage continued to rise and habitat quality remained relatively stable. The ecosystem services mainly exhibited a synergistic relationship, with a regional trade-off relationship observed between carbon storage and water yield. Soil retention was dominant in cultivated, forest, grassland, and water areas. The hotspots of ecosystem services were mainly concentrated in the forested areas in the northern part of the watershed. [Conclusion] The results indicate that vegetation restoration has improved ecosystem services, but its impacts on different ecosystem services exhibit spatiotemporal differences, necessitating zonal management to propose corresponding protection measures. The spatial distribution characteristics of high-value areas of different ecosystem services are closely related to the land use patterns of the watershed. Optimizing the land use structure to enhance service benefits is essential when planning and managing the watershed's ecosystem services. The changes in cold and hot spots of ecosystem services demonstrate that forest land is increasingly important in providing ecosystem services. In formulating ecological protection and management strategies, the interrelationships and spatial distribution characteristics among different ecosystem services should be fully considered to achieve sustainable ecosystem development. This quantitative study of the ecosystem service functions in the Youfanggou Watershed clarifies the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of ecosystem service functions, providing theoretical support for ecological environment evaluation and sustainable development evaluation in this area.

关键词

生态系统服务 / 权衡与协同 / 黄土台塬区 / 小流域 / InVEST模型 / 影响因素

Key words

ecosystem services / trade-offs and synergistic relationships / Loess Plateau Area / small watersheds / InVEST model / influencing factors

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42207084)

国家自然科学基金项目(42372288)

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2003-JC-QN-0372)