考虑桥梁阻水影响的山洪灾害放大效应模拟研究

陈鹏帅; 刘荣华; 孙朝兴; 刘子霞; 刘潇; 程东

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.06.004

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6) : 38 -50. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.06.004

复合极端天气气候事件与洪涝灾害机理专栏

考虑桥梁阻水影响的山洪灾害放大效应模拟研究

陈鹏帅 ¹^,² ,
刘荣华 ¹^,² ,
孙朝兴 ¹^,² ,
刘子霞 ³ ,
刘潇 ¹^,² ,
程东 ¹^,²

作者信息 +

Simulation study on the amplification effect of water blockage caused by bridges on flash floods

Pengshuai CHEN ¹^,² ,
Ronghua LIU ¹^,² ,
Chaoxing SUN ¹^,² ,
Zixia LIU ³ ,
Xiao LIU ¹^,² ,
Dong CHENG ¹^,²

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

【目的】山洪往往因洪水改道、泥沙淤积、流木堵塞桥孔等原因造成灾害放大，具有极大的不确定性。使用水文水动力模型可以定量评估桥梁在不同淤堵情景下对山洪灾害带来的放大效应的影响。【方法】以广东省清远市连南瑶族自治县的寨岗河为例，采用中国山洪水文模型(CNFF-HMS),IFMS水动力模型，分别用11场和4场暴雨洪水资料对水文模型和水动力模型开展参数率定和结果验证。以2022年“6·21”典型洪水为例，计算桥梁无淤堵、部分淤堵和全淤堵工况下断面水位和淹没范围变化，并对桥梁阻水原因进行分析。【结果】结果表明：(1)桥梁淤堵会导致上游水位明显上涨，全淤堵工况比无淤堵工况水位上涨1.5 m;(2)桥梁淤堵会导致淹没范围明显增加，全淤堵工况比无淤堵工况淹没面积增大0.99 km²,为无淤堵工况的1.34倍；(3)桥梁淤堵会导致桥梁位置的过流能力减弱，全淤堵工况下过流面积仅为无淤堵工况的38.4%。【结论】桥梁淤堵对山洪灾害存在放大效应，桥梁淤堵越严重，桥梁过流能力越差，上游水位抬升越明显，导致洪水极易发生漫溢，洪水淹没范围增加。初步量化了灾害的放大效应，为山洪灾害风险早期识别和指导人员避险转移提供了更为科学精准的支撑。

Abstract

[Objective] Flash floods are often exacerbated by factors such as flood diversion, sediment deposition, and debris blocking bridge openings, Resultsing in significant uncertainty. Using a hydrologic-hydrodynamic model, the amplification effects of bridges under different levels of blockage on flash flood disasters was quantitatively assessed. [Methods] Taking the Zhaigang River in Liannan County, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province as an example, the China Flash Flood Hydrological Model(CNFF-HMS) as hydrological model and the Integrated Flood Modeling System(IFMS) as hydrodynamic model were employed. Parameter calibration and result validation of the hydrological and hydrodynamic models were conducted using 11 and 4 sets of rainstorm flood data, respectively. Using the typical flood event on June 21, 2022, variations in water levels and inundation extent at the bridge cross section were calculated under three conditions: unblocked, partially blocked, and fully blocked. Contributing factors of water blockage caused by bridges were also analyzed. [Results] The results showed that:(1) bridge blockage caused a significant rise in upstream water level, with a 1.5-meter increase in water level under the fully blocked condition compared to the unblocked condition.(2) Bridge blockage led to a noticeable expansion in the inundation extent. Specifically, the inundation area under the fully blocked condition was 0.99 km² larger, or 1.34 times larger than the unblocked condition.(3) Bridge blockage reduced the bridge's conveyance capacity, with the flow area under the fully blocked condition being only 38.4% of that under the unblocked condition. [Conclusion] Bridge blockage has an amplification effect on flash flood disasters. As the severity of bridge blockage increases, the bridge's conveyance capacity weakens, and the upstream water level rises more noticeably. This significantly increases the risk of flooding and expands the inundation extent. In this study, the amplification effect of the disaster has been quantitatively assessed, providing more precise and scientifically grounded support for the early detection of flash flood disaster risks and for guiding evacuation and relocation efforts.